1887
Volume 6 (2025) Number 2
  • EISSN: 2708-0463

Abstract

أُجريت هذه الدراسة في محطة الأبحاث التابعة لقسم المحاصيل الحقلية بكلية الزراعة، جامعة تكريت، التي تقع على بُعد 15 كم من مركز مدينة تكريت خلال الموسم 2023-2024، وتم الحصول على عشرة أصناف من الآباء من دائرة البحوث الزراعية (مركز تكنولوجيا البذور) التابع لوزارة الزراعة العراقية، وتم تقسيم التجربة وفقًا لنظام التزاوج المعتمد (.A. B) إلى ستة آباء ذكور: النور، والهاشمية، والبركة، والرشيد، والعدنانية، وتموز2، وأربع إناث: أبو غريب3، شام 6، IPA 95، وIPA99. تم اشتقاق أربعة وعشرين هجيناً من هذه الآباء: (الأصناف الأبوية والهجن الأربعة والعشرون) من الجيل الثاني، التي تم الحصول عليها من قسم المحاصيل الحقلية بجامعة تكريت، وتمت زراعة الأصناف الأبوية العشرة والهجن الأربعة والعشرون وفقًا لتصميم الكتل العشوائية الكاملة (.R.C.B.D) بواقع ثلاثة مكررات. تم تقييم أداء الآباء الذكور والإناث والهجن المستخلصة، بالإضافة إلى تقدير المعلمات الوراثية: القدرة العامة على التزاوج للآباء، والقدرة الخاصة على التزاوج للهجن، وتمت دراسة سبع صفات: عدد الأيام من الزراعة حتى طرد سنابل، ارتفاع النبات، عدد السنابل بالنبات، طول السنبلة، مساحة ورقة العلم، عدد الحبوب بالسنبلة، ووزن ألف حبة. النتائج أظهرت الاتى: مربعات المتوسطات للآباء الذكور والإناث والهجن ذات دلالة معنوية عالية لجميع الصفات المدروسة، العامل الجيني الإضافي أكبر من الهيمنة لجميع الصفات المدروسة. الهجن (7×5)، (7×2) و(7×3) أعطت تدهورًا جينيًّا سلبيًّا في الاتجاه المرغوب لبعض الصفات. الآباء الهاشمية، الرشيد، أبو غريب3 أظهرت قدرة عامة على التزاوج ذات دلالة معنوية ومرغوبة. وتبين أن الهجن: الهاشمية × IPA 95، والرشيد × أبو غريب3، والرشيد × IPA 99 تتمتع بقدرة خاصة على التزاوج في معظم الصفات المدروسة.

This study was conducted at the research station of the Field Crops Department of the College of Agriculture, Tikri University, 15 km from the center of Tikrit city during the 2023-2024 season. Ten parental varieties were obtained from the Agricultural Research Department (Seed Technology Center) of the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture. The experiment was conducted according to the approved mating system (A and B), involving 6 male parent lines: Al-Nour, Al-Hashimiya, Al-Baraka, Al-Rashid, Al-Adnaniyah, and July 2; and 4 female parent lines: Abu Ghraib 3, Sham 6, IPA 95, and IPA 99. From these parents, 24 second-generation hybrids were derived: parental varieties and 24 hybrids of the second generation obtained from the Department of Field Crops at Tikrit University. These 10 parental varieties and the 24 hybrids were cultivated using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.) with three replicates. The performance of the male and female parent lines along with the extracted hybrids was evaluated. in addition, genetic parameters were estimated including the general mating ability for the parents, and the specific mating ability for the hybrids. Seven traits were assessed: number of days from planting to ear emergence, plant height, number of ears per plant, spike length, flag leaf area, number of grains per spike, and thousand grain weight. The results revealed that the mean squares for male and female parents and their hybrids were highly significant across all studied traits. Additional genetic effects were greater than dominance effects for all traits studied. Hybrids (7×5), (7×2), and (7×3) exhibited negative genetic deterioration in the desired direction for some traits. Among the parents, Al-Hashimiya, Al-Rashid, and Abu Ghraib 3 demonstrated a general ability to mate with a moral and desirable significance. The hybrids Al-Hashimiya × IPA 95, Al-Rashid × Abu Ghraib 3, and Al-Rashid × IPA 99 exhibited a special ability to mate across most of the traits studied.

© 2025 The Author(s), licensee HBKU Press.
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2025-08-31
2025-12-13

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/content/journals/10.5339/ajsr.2025.8
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تقييم أداء التراكيب الوراثية والمقدرة الاتحادية والتدهور للهجائن من الجيل الثاني (F2) وفقًا لنظام التزاوج العاملي لعشرة أصناف من قمح الخبز العراقي (.Triticum aestivum L)
​​​​Arabian Journal of Scientific Research-المجلة العربية للبحث العلمي 6 (2025), 8 (2025); https://doi.org/10.5339/ajsr.2025.8
/content/journals/10.5339/ajsr.2025.8
/content/journals/10.5339/ajsr.2025.8
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  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Triticum aestivum L, genetic indicators, mating, hybrids and قمح الخبز، المؤشرات الوراثية، التزاوج، الهجائن.

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