1887
Volume 6 (2025) Number 2
  • EISSN: 2708-0463

Abstract

يُعَدَ داء الفاشيولوسز () من الأمراض المشتركة الطفيلية التي تسببها ديدان المثقوبة الكبدية الشائعة المنتشرة في مختلف أنحاء العالم، والتي تتطفل على الكبد والقنوات الصفراوية لحيوانات المزرعة المختلفة؛ مسبِّبةً خسائر اقتصادية تتمثل بنفوق الحيوانات المصابة بالنوع الحاد من المرض، وبنقص الإنتاج من اللحم والحليب والصوف، فضلًا عن المَبالغ التي تُصرَف على العلاج والسيطرة. استهدفت الدراسة الحالية التشخيص المختبري للإصابة المزمنة بديدان المثقوبة الكبدية الشائعة في الضأن باستخدام تقنيات فحص البراز التقليدية المختلفة، كالفحص المباشر، والترسيب التقليدي، وترسيب الإيثر، وترسيب خلات الإيثيل، والكاتو كاتز (اللطخة السميكة)، ومقارنتها بالتقنيات التجارية الحديثة التي طُورت في السنوات الأخيرة، وهي مقايسة الممتز المناعي المرتبط بالإنزيم المباشر (الكاشف عن المستضد)، وتقنية الفلوك فايندر، فضلًا عن دراسة بعض التغييرات الدمية والكيموحيوية في الضأن المصابة، إذ تم جمع 92 عينة براز ودم من الضأن التي تراوحت أعمارها ما بين 1-7 سنوات، ومن السلالات المحلية، التي أظهرت علامات سريرية، كالهزال، وشحوب الأغشية المخاطية، وسقوط الصوف، أو سهولة انتزاعه، فضلًا عن وجود الفك القنيني من مناطق مدينة الموصل المختلفة (قرية تل الذهب، وقرية زورافا، وقرية عداية، ووانه، وزمار، والرشيدية)، كما تم جمع 8 عينات أخرى من البراز والدم من حيوانات سوية سريريًّا ومختبريًّا (غير مصابة بالطفيليات الداخلية والخارجية)، لغرض استخدامها كمجموعة مقارنة لدراسة التغيرات الدمية والكيموحيوية. أظهرت النتائج أن نسبة عينات البراز الموجبة كانت 20.7%، و16.3%، و15.21%، و8.70%، و6.52%، و4.34%، و2.17% باستخدام تقنيات مقايسة الممتز المناعي المرتبط بالإنزيم المباشر (الكاشف عن المستضد) لديدان المثقوبة الكبدية الشائعة، والفلوك فايندر، والترسيب، وترسيب الإيثر، وترسيب خلات الإيثيل، وفحص البراز المباشر وتقنية الكاتو كاتز على التوالي. ظهرت بيوض الطفيلي بيضوية الشكل وبلون أصفر مع وجود غطاء في أحد جانبيها بمعدل طول (147 ± 1.4) ميكرون، ومعدل عرض (85.4 ± 1.6) ميكرون. شملت التغييرات الدمية فقر الدم من النوع صغير حجم الكرية سوية الخضاب، إذ عانت الحيوانات المصابة بالطفيلي من نقص معنوي في كل من العد الكلي لكريات الدم الحمر، وتركيز خضاب الدم، وحجم كريات الدم الحمر المرصوصة، ومعدل حجم الكرية، مقارنة بالحيوانات السوية سريريًّا ومختبريًّا، رافقه ارتفاع معنوي في العدد الكلي لخلايا الدم البيض، والأعداد المطلقة للخلايا العدلة والحمضة، مع انخفاض معنوي في الأعداد المطلقة للخلايا الليمفية، مقارنةً بالحيوانات السوية سريريًّا ومختبريًّا، كما أظهرت النتائج وجود زيادة معنوية في العدد الكلي للصفائح الدموية، وتوزيعها، ومعدل توزيع الصفائح الدموية والمخزون الصفائحي، ونسبة خلايا صفائح الدم الكبيرة، مقارنة بالحيوانات السوية سريريًّا ومختبريًّا. وسجلت خلال الدراسة ارتفاعًا معنويًّا في مستويات إنزيمات ناقلة الأمين الاسبارتيت، وناقلة الأمين الألانين، والفوسفاتاز القلوي، وناقلة الببتيد كاما كلوتاميل والبليروبين الكلي. نستنتج من الدراسة الحالية إمكانية استخدام مقايسة الممتز المناعي المرتبط بالإنزيم المباشر (الكاشف عن المستضد) بديلًا عن تقنية الترسيب التقليدي في تشخيص داء الفاشيولوسز المزمن في الضأن.

Fasciolosis is a globally prevalent parasitic disease caused by the common liver fluke (). It parasitizes the liver and bile ducts of farm animals, causing economic losses represented by the death of animals in cases of acute infection, decrease in production of meat milk, and wool, in addition to expenses spent on treatment and control measures. This study aimed to conduct laboratory diagnosis of chronic common liver fluke infection in sheep using different traditional fecal tests: direct, traditional sedimentation, ether sedimentation, ethyl acetate sedimentation, and Kato katiz techniques. These were compared with recently developed commercial tests, such as the Direct Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for antigenic detector of Fasciola hepatica, and the FlukeFinder® technique; in addition to recording some hematological and biochemical changes in infected sheep. Ninety-two fecal and blood samples were taken from sheep aged 1-7 years and of local breeds that showed clinical signs such as emaciation, pale mucous membranes, wool loss, or wool that easily detached, as well as the presence of bottle jaw from various areas of Mosul city (Tal Al-Dhahab village, Zorava village, Adaya village, Aana, Zummar, and Rashidiya). Eight additional fecal and blood samples were collected from clinically and laboratory-healthy animals (not infected with internal and external parasites) to serve as a comparison group for studies on blood and biochemical alterations .The results showed that the percentage of positive fecal samples was 20.6%, 16.3%, 15.21%, 8.70%, 6.52%, 4.34%, and 2.17% using ELISA techniques (antigen detector) for common liver flukes, FlukeFinder®, sedimentation, ether sedimentation, ethyl acetate sedimentation, direct fecal examination, and Kato katiz techniques respectively. The parasitic eggs appeared oval-shaped and yellow in colour with an opareculum on one side, with an average length of (147 ± 1.4) microns and an average width of (85.4 ± 1.6) microns. Hematologic changes included microcytic anemia and normochromic anemia. The parasite-infected animals had significantly lower total red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, and mean corpuscular volume than clinically and laboratory-normal animals. This was accompanied by a significant increase in the total leukocyte count, the absolute numbers of neutrophils and eosinophils, and a significant decrease in the absolute numbers of lymphocytes as compared to clinically and laboratory-normal animals. Additionally, the results revealed a significant increase in the total platelet count, platelet distribution, platelet distribution rate, platelet reserve, and percentage of large platelets as compared to clinically and laboratory-normal animals. The study found a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin levels. We conclude from the current study the possibility of using the direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(antigen-detecting) as an alternative to the traditional sedimentation technique for diagnosing chronic fasciolosis in sheep.

© 2025 The Author(s), licensee HBKU Press.
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التشخيص المختبري لداء الفاشيولوسز المزمن في الضأن
​​​​Arabian Journal of Scientific Research-المجلة العربية للبحث العلمي 6 (2025), 9 (2025); https://doi.org/10.5339/ajsr.2025.9
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  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Fasciola hepatica, sheep, FlukeFinder®, direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and الفاشيولا الكبدية الشلئعة، الضأن، تقنية الفلوك فايندر، مقايسة الممتز المناعي المرتبط بالإنزيم المباشر.

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