1887
Volume 6 (2025) Number 2
  • EISSN: 2708-0463

Abstract

يشكل تدهور المراعي أحد التحديات الطبيعية التي تؤثر على الجوانب الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والبيئية للمجتمعات الرعوية؛ فقد أكد العديد من الباحثين حول المراعي أن الوسط الطبيعي في المجالات الجافة وشبه الجافة في تدهور مستمر؛ مما يهدد مستقبل التوازن البيئي والمستوى المعيشي لمربي الماشية. يهدف هذا البحث إلى تقدير التراجعات الكمية والنوعية للموارد الرعوية بسهب تافراطة شمال شرق المغرب، من خلال توظيف نظم المعلومات الجغرافية والاستشعار عن بُعد باعتماد مؤشر الفرق المعياري للغطاء النباتي (NDVI)، ويعتبر سهل تافراطة من بين المجالات الرعوية التي تحظى بمكانة مهمة بسهوب المغرب الشرقي، باعتباره حاضنة تاريخية لمجتمع رعوي قديم، اعتمد على أعراف وطرق تقليدية في حركية الترحال الرعوي، غير أن هذا المجال الرعوي أضحى خلال العقود الأخيرة مسرحاً للعديد من التحولات العميقة التي ساهمت في تراجع إنتاجية مراعيه نتيجة لمجموعة من العوامل الطبيعية والبشرية . لقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن المجال السهبي فقد أكثر من 50% من غطائه النباتي الطبيعي خلال العقود الثلاثة الأخيرة، كما تراجعت إنتاجيته الرعوية إلى مستويات خطيرة ساهمت في تحويل مساحات رعوية شاسعة إلى أراضٍ متصحرة. تبرز أهمية هذه النتائج في اعتبارها منطلَقاً لبلورة المشاريع والتدخلات لتحسين المراعي والحفاظ عليها واستدامها للرفع من مستوى معيشة ساكني سهوب المغرب الشرقي.

The degradation of pastures is one of the natural challenges, affecting the social, economic and environmental aspects of pastoral communities. Many researchers on pastures have confirmed that the natural environment in arid and semi-arid areas is undergoing continuous deterioration, threatening the future of the ecological balance and the livelihoods of livestock breeders. This research aims to estimate the quantitative and qualitative decline in pastoral resources in the Tafrata Plain in northeastern Morocco, utilizing geographic information systems and remote sensing based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The Tafrata Plain is one of the pastoral areas that holds an important position in the eastern Moroccan steppes, as it is a historical incubator for an ancient pastoral community that relied on traditional customs and methods in the movement of pastoral migration. However, this pastoral area has recently become the scene of many profound transformations contributing to a decline in pasture productivity because of a group of natural and human factors. The study results showed that the steppe area lost more than 50% of its natural vegetation cover during the last three decades, and its pastoral productivity declined to dangerous levels that contributed to the transformation of vast pastoral areas into decertified lands. The significance of these results is highlighted in that they are considered a starting point for developing projects and interventions to improve, preserve and sustain pastures to raise the standard of living of the residents of the steppes of eastern Morocco.

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2025-05-30
2025-07-17
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