1887
Volume 7, Issue 1
  • EISSN: 2708-0463

Abstract

تُعدّ الأحماض الدهنية أوميجا 3 من المغذّيات الوظيفية التي تُسهم في تعزيز الجهاز المناعي للدواجن، لا سيما تحت ظروف الإجهاد البيئي. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم تأثير إضافة زيت سمك غني بأوميجا 3 إلى علائق دجاج اللحم على الاستجابة المناعية بعد التحصين بلقاح نيوكاسل، وذلك ضمن ظروف بيئية شبه جافة وحرارة مرتفعة. نُفّذت التجربة في حظائر مغلقة بدرجة حرارة تراوحت بين 30-35 م° ورطوبة نسبية بحدود 40-50%، وبكثافة تربـية بلغت 10 طيور/م2. استُخدم 250 فرخ لحم من نوع Ross 308، وقُسِّمت عشوائيّاً إلى خمس مجموعات (50 طائراً/مجموعة). تلقّت أربع مجموعات علائق مكمّلة بزيت سمك كمصدر للأوميجا 3، بتركيزات متزايدة (1%، 2%، 3%، 4%)، بينما اعتمدت المجموعة الخامسة كضابطة دون إضافة. ومصدر زيت الأوميجا 3 كان كبسولات تجارية مخصصة للاستعمال البشري من إنتاج شركة Green Field Nutrition's– (بشيكاغو، الولايات المتحدة)، وتم خلط محتواها بعد طحنه في العلائق بطريقة متجانسة مع إحلال مكافئ طاقيّاً. أُعطي لقاح نيوكاسل الحي التقليدي (LaSota) عبر ماء الشرب عند عمر 7 و14 يوماً، وتم قياس مستويات الأجسام المضادة في مصل الدم بأيام 10 و20 و30 و40 باستخدام اختبار ELISA، كما تم تقدير أوزان الأعضاء اللمفاوية (الطحال، الغدة الزعترية، جراب فابريشيوس) لحساب نموها النسبي. وأظهرت النتائج أن إضافة الأوميجا 3 حسّنت الاستجابة المناعية الخلطية بشكل معنوي مقارنةً بالمجموعة الضابطة، وازدادت عيارات الأجسام المضادة مع تقدم العمر. كما تحسّن نمو الأعضاء المناعية، خصوصاً في الأعمار المبكرة، لدى الطيور التي تغذت على العلائق المدعّمة بزيت السمك. وتُشير هذه النتائج إلى أن إدراج زيت السمك كمصدر للأوميجا 3 ضمن علائق دجاج اللحم يُعزز من كفاءة التحصين ضد مرض نيوكاسل، ويرفع من كفاءة الجهاز المناعي؛ مما يجعله خياراً واعداً في برامج التغذية المناعية، خصوصاً في أنظمة التربية المعرّضة للإجهاد البيئي.

Omega-3 fatty acids are considered functional nutrients known to enhance the immune system of poultry, particularly under environmental stress conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of supplementing broiler chicken diets with fish oil rich in omega-3 on the immune response following vaccination against Newcastle disease, under semi-arid conditions with elevated ambient temperatures. The experiment was conducted in closed housing systems where temperatures ranged between 30–35 °C and relative humidity was maintained at approximately 40–50%, with a stocking density of 10 birds/m². A total of 250 Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into five groups (50 birds per group). Four groups received diets supplemented with increasing concentrations of fish oil (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) as a source of omega-3, while the fifth group served as the unsupplemented control. The omega-3 source was commercial-grade fish oil capsules intended for human use, manufactured by Green Field Nutritions – Chicago, USA. The capsule contents were homogenously mixed into the diets after grinding, with energy-equivalent adjustments to maintain dietary balance. The live attenuated LaSota strain of Newcastle disease vaccine was administered via drinking water at 7 and 14 days of age. Antibody titers were measured in serum samples collected on days 10, 20, 30, and 40 post-vaccination using the ELISA technique. Additionally, the weights of lymphoid organs (spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius) were recorded to calculate their relative development. The results demonstrated that omega-3 supplementation significantly enhanced the humoral immune response compared to the control group, with antibody titers increasing progressively with age. Furthermore, lymphoid organ development, particularly in early life stages, was improved in birds fed the fish oil-supplemented diets. These findings suggest that incorporating fish oil as a source of omega-3 into broiler diets enhances the efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccination and strengthens the immune system. This strategy appears to be a promising approach in immune nutrition programs, especially under environmentally stressful rearing conditions.

© 2026 The Author(s), licensee HBKU Press.
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2026-02-05
2026-04-05

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/content/journals/10.5339/ajsr.2026.3
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تأثير إضافة زيت السمك إلى علائق دجاج اللحم على الاستجابة المناعية وكفاءة التحصين ضد مرض النيوكاسل
​​​​Arabian Journal of Scientific Research-المجلة العربية للبحث العلمي 7, 3 (2026); https://doi.org/10.5339/ajsr.2026.3
/content/journals/10.5339/ajsr.2026.3
/content/journals/10.5339/ajsr.2026.3
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  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): broiler chickens, Fish oil, immune organs, Newcastle disease and زيت السمك، دجاج اللحم، مرض النيوكاسل، الأعضاء المناعية.

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