oa Needle stick injury from epinephrine autoinjector to healthcare professionals: Two case reports

References

1. Pawankar R, Holgate ST, Canonica GW, Lockey RF, Blaiss MS. WAO white book on allergy: Update 2013 [Internet]. MilwaukeeWorld Allergy Organisation; 2013. Available from: https://allergypaais.org/wp-content/themes/twentytwentyone/pdf/ExecSummary-2013-v6-hires.pdf
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
2. Sicherer SH, Simons FER. Section on allergy and immunology AA of P. Self-injectable epinephrine for first-aid management of anaphylaxis. Pediatrics. 2007Mar; 119:(3):638–46. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-3689
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
3. Rudders SA, Arias SA, Camargo CA. Trends in hospitalizations for food-induced anaphylaxis in US children, 2000–2009. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014Oct; 134:(4):960–2.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.018
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
4. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Tackling the allergy crisis in Europe – Concerted policy action needed [Internet]. Belgium Tackling the allergy crisis in Europe – Concerted policy action needed [Internet]2015. Available from: https://eaaci.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/EAACI_Advocacy_Manifesto.pdf
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
5. Ibrahim NM, Almarzouqi FI, Al Melaih FA, Farouk H, Alsayed M, AlJassim FM. Prevalence of asthma and allergies among children in the United Arab Emirates: A cross-sectional study. World Allergy Organ J. 2021Oct6; 14:(10):100588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100588
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
6. Nwaru BI, Hickstein L, Panesar SS, Roberts G, Muraro A, Sheikh A, et al. Prevalence of common food allergies in Europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2014Aug; 69:(8):992–1007. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12423
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
7. Turner PJ, Campbell DE, Motosue MS, Campbell RL. Global trends in Anaphylaxis epidemiology and clinical implications. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020Apr; 8:(4):1169–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2019.11.027
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
8. Pumphrey RS. Lessons for management of anaphylaxis from a study of fatal reactions. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000Aug; 30:(8):1144–50. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00864.x
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
9. Simons FER, Edwards ES, Read EJ, Clark S, Liebelt EL. Voluntarily reported unintentional injections from epinephrine auto-injectors. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010Feb; 125:(2):419–23.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.056
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
10. Mrvos R, Anderson BD, Krenzelok EP. Accidental injection of epinephrine from an autoinjector: Invasive treatment not always required. South Med J. 2002Mar; 95:(3):318–20. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11902698/
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
11. Wright M. Treatment after accidental injection with epinephrine autoinjector: A systematic review. J Allergy Ther [Internet]. 2014; 05:(03). Available from: https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/treatment-after-accidental-injection-with-epinephrine-autoinjector-2155-6121.1000175.php?aid=26513
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
12. Dalal R, Grujic D. Epinephrine [Internet]. StatPearls2024. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30644586
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
13. Simons FE, Gu X, Simons KJ. Epinephrine absorption in adults: intramuscular versus subcutaneous injection. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001Nov; 108:(5):871–3. https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2001.119409
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
14. Roy A, Geetha RV, Magesh A, Vijayaraghavan R, Ravichandran V. Autoinjector – A smart device for emergency cum personal therapy. Saudi Pharm J. 2021Oct; 29:(10):1205–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2021.09.004
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
15. Campbell RL, Bellolio MF, Motosue MS, Sunga KL, Lohse CM, Rudis MI. Autoinjectors Preferred for intramuscular epinephrine in Anaphylaxis and allergic reactions. West J Emerg Med. 2016Nov; 17:(6):775–82. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2016.8.30505
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
16. McGovern SJ. Treatment of accidental digital injection of adrenaline from an auto-injector device. J Accid Emerg Med. 1997Nov; 14:(6):379–80. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.14.6.379
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
17. Peyko V, Cohen V, Jellinek-Cohen SP, Pearl-Davis M. Evaluation and treatment of accidental autoinjection of epinephrine. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013May1; 70:(9):778–81. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp120316
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
18. Posner LS, Camargo CA. Update on the usage and safety of epinephrine auto-injectors, 2017. Drug Healthc Patient Saf. 2017Mar21; 9:9–18. https://doi.org/10.2147/DHPS.S121733
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
19. Bodkin RP, Acquisto NM, Gunyan H, Wiegand TJ. Two cases of accidental injection of epinephrine into a digit treated with subcutaneous phentolamine injections. Case Rep Emerg Med. 2013: 2013:586207. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/586207
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
20. McNeil C, Copeland J. Accidental digital epinephrine injection: to treat or not to treat? Can Fam Physician. 2014Aug; 60:(8):726–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25122817/
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
21. Muck AE, Bebarta VS, Borys DJ, Morgan DL. Six years of epinephrine digital injections: Absence of significant local or systemic effects. Ann Emerg Med. 2010Sep; 56:(3):270–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.02.019
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
22. Guerlain S, Hugine A, Wang L. A comparison of 4 epinephrine autoinjector delivery systems: usability and patient preference. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010Feb; 104:(2):172–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2009.11.023
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
23. Anshien M, Rose SR, Wills BK. Unintentional epinephrine auto-injector injuries: A national poison center observational study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010Feb; 104:(2):172–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2009.11.023
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
24. Kessler C, Edwards E, Dissinger E, Sye S, Visich T, Grant E. Usability and preference of epinephrine auto-injectors: Auvi-Q and EpiPen Jr. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2019Sep; 123:(3):256–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2019.06.005
    [Google الباحث العلمي]