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oa Basic Mechanisms in Spontaneous and Induced Mutagenesis
- Publisher: Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)
- Source: QScience Proceedings, Sixth International Conference on Environmental Mutagens in Human Populations, Mar 2012, Volume 2012, 26
Abstract
Living cells possess a panel of specialized DNA polymerases that deal with the large diversity of DNA lesions that occur in their genomes. How specialized DNA polymerases gain access to the replication intermediate in the vicinity of the lesion is unknown. Using a model system in which a single replication-blocking lesion can be bypassed concurrently by two pathways that leave distinct molecular signatures, we analyzed the complex interplay among replicative and specialized DNA polymerases. In Escherichia coli, the DNA damage response entails several processes such as stalling of the replication fork, activation of the SOS response and induction of dNTP synthesis. Following UV-irradiation, the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) NrdAB that catalyzes the limiting step in dNTP synthesis, is up-regulated, leading to an increase in dNTP levels. In the present study, we investigate the effect of increased dNTP levels on the process of translesion synthesis (TLS) under DNA damage conditions. We present direct evidence that an elevated dNTP pool level facilitates translesion synthesis (TLS). TLS is a two-step mechanism involving the insertion of a nucleotide opposite the lesion and the subsequent extension steps. Although Pol III, the replicative DNA polymerase, can insert a nucleotide across certain lesion, its proofreading activity usually recognizes the inserted base across the lesion site as a mispair and removes it, thus preventing the subsequent extension steps. Our results suggest that high dNTP levels bolster the polymerase activity of Pol III, in turn reducing its exonuclease activity. The shift in the equilibrium from the exonuclease activity towards the polymerase activity of Pol III favors the production of a key TLS intermediate, ie the intermediate that contains a base inserted across from the lesion site. This intermediate is subsequently elongated by the specialized TLS polymerases. In support of the hypothesis of proofreading activity attenuation of Pol III, we show a robust increase in spontaneous mutagenesis under conditions of elevated dNTP levels referred to as the spontaneous dNTP mutator phenotype.
- 08 May 2012
- 08 May 2012