oa Improving type 2 diabetic patient knowledge, attitude and practice towards diabetes selfcare by implementing a community-based interactive approach - diabetes mellitus strategy

Background: Community-based interactive approach-diabetes mellitus (CBIA-DM) is an active self learning method. CBIA is a method used for public education which emphasizes the active role of participants in looking for information. The intention of CBIA is to empower participants to seek and critically assess information about their treatment. Objectives: This study is aimed at improving type 2 diabetic patients knowledge, attitude and practice on diabetes selfcare by implementing the CBIA-DM strategy. Methods: This is a time series pre- and post-quasi-experiment with control group design. The intervention group underwent CBIA-DM strategy. There were two control groups: one group DM participated in Sunday meetings for physical activity together and two monthly regularly seminars, and the other group received normal care. Pre- and post-test KAP questionnaires were used as study instruments. Data was collected pre-intervention, immediately, one, three and six months post-intervention. The ranging scores for pre- and post-test questionnaires were: knowledge (0-18) and attitude (9-45), categorized as rational scales of the scores: good, fair and poor. Practicing in diabetes selfcare was assessed using 12 questionnaires, and categorized as: adhere and not adhere to DM selfcare. Effectiveness of CBIA-DM was evaluated based on the increasing number of participants with good knowledge and attitude levels, and adherence in practicing diabetes selfcare. Results: CBIA-DM group shows increasing number of participants in good level of knowledge from 40% (n= 30) up to 80% at M + 3 with scores significantly improved from 13.1 ± 2.4 up to 15.4 ± 2.0 (Wilcoxon test, p <0.05), attitude from 20% up to 50% at M + 3, with scores significantly improved from 33.5 ± 4.1 up to 34.9 ± 6.2 (p= 0.031) and increasing number of participant adherence to all variables of DM selfcare at M + 6 post intervention. Conclusions: CBIA-DM strategy is effective to improve diabetic patient knowledge, attitude and practice on diabetes selfcare. Repeating and improving the strategy program is needed to verify the impact.