1887
Volume 2020, Issue 1
  • EISSN: 2616-4930

Abstract

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى تلخيص الدراسات السابقة حول التنمر الإلكتروني، وتقديم مراجعة نقدية لها. ركزت المراجعة على توضيح عوامل التنبؤ بالتنمر الإلكتروني بالنسبة للضحايا وكذلك المتنمرين. استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي؛ حيث تم تحليل الدراسات العربية والأجنبية المنشورة حول التنمر الإلكتروني في أربع قواعد بيانات هي PubMed وPsycINFO، ودار المنظومة، والمنهل بالإضافة إلى محرك البحث Google Scholar وتحديدا الدراسات الحديثة التي نُشرت خلال السنوات الأربع الماضية. وقد أسفر البحث في قواعد البيانات عن التوصل إلى (107) دراسة منها (96 دراسة أجنبية، و11 دراسة عربية). وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة ارتفاع معدلات انتشار التنمر الإلكتروني لدى الأطفال والمراهقين عالميا. كما بينت النتائج أن أهم عوامل التنبؤ بضحايا التنمر الإلكتروني هي: العمر، والجنس، والبلد، وحجم الشبكة الاجتماعية، وبعض العوامل الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، بينما شملت عوامل التنبؤ بالتنمرين الإلكترونين: الافراط في استخدام الإنترنت، ونقص التعاطف، والغضب، والنرجسية، والتنشئة الوالدية السلطوية أو المتساهلة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، بينت النتائج أن أهم مخاطر التنمر الإلكتروني هي محاولات الانتحار المتكررة من قبل الضحايا. وقد أوصت الدراسة بوجود حاجة ماسة إلى دراسات طولية متعددة المتغيرات لتحديد عوامل التنبؤ بالتنمر الإلكتروني، والتي يمكن الاسترشاد بها في تصميم برامج وقائية.

This study aimed to summarize previous studies on cyberbullying and provide a critical review. The review focused on clarifying the predictive factors for cyberbullying for victims as well as bullies. The study used the analytical descriptive method, where published Arabic and foreign studies on electronic bullying were analyzed in four databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Dar Almandumah and Manhal, as well as Google Scholar, specifically recent studies published last four years. Research into the databases resulted in 107 studies (96 foreign studies and 11 Arab studies). The results of this study showed high rates of prevalence of cyberbullying among children and adolescents globally. The results also showed that the most important predictors of victims of cyberbullying were: age, gender, country, social network size and some social and economic factors, while factors predicting cyberbullying included: excessive use of the internet, lack of empathy, anger and narcissism, and authoritarian or permissive parenting. The results also revealed that the most important risk of cyberbullying is repeated suicide attempts by victims. The study recommended an urgent need for multivariate longitudinal studies to identify factors for predicting cyberbullying, which could guide the design of preventive programmes.

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2020-03-31
2024-03-29
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