1887
Volume 2025, Issue 4
  • ISSN: 0253-8253
  • EISSN: 2227-0426

Abstract

Mental health disorders significantly impact individual well-being and place a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. In Oman, enhancing medication adherence among patients with psychiatric disorders is crucial, as non-compliance can worsen symptoms and lead to increased hospitalizations. This study aims to identify the predictors of medication non-adherence among patients at a tertiary care facility in Oman.

A cross-sectional study was conducted at Al Masarra Hospital involving adult patients undergoing follow-up care for documented mental disorders. The Medication Adherence Rating Scale was used to assess medication adherence, while demographic and medical history data were collected through self-report. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between adherence and various factors.

Among the 151 participants, primarily aged between 26 and 45 years, the average medication adherence score was 5.71 (with a standard deviation of 2.45). Key predictors of non-adherence included marital status and treatment satisfaction, with unmarried individuals showing lower adherence levels. Interestingly, greater insight into one’s illness correlated with lower adherence, whereas higher treatment satisfaction was associated with better adherence.

Medication non-adherence remains a significant challenge among psychiatric patients in Oman, influenced by psychosocial factors such as marital status, level of insight, and treatment satisfaction. Targeted interventions that address patient insight and enhance treatment engagement are essential for improving medication adherence and clinical outcomes.

© 2025 Al-Huseini, Qutishat, Almaqbali, Albalushi, Almashrafi, Alrisi, et al., licensee HBKU Press.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2025.98
2025-11-03
2025-12-05

Metrics

Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/qmj/2025/4/qmj.2025.98.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2025.98&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Nochaiwong S, Ruengorn C, Thavorn K, Hutton B, Awiphan R, Phosuya C, et al.. Global prevalence of mental health issues among the general population during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021 May 13; 11:(1):10173. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89700-8
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Christensen MK, Lim CCW, Saha S, Plana-Ripoll O, Cannon D, Presley F, et al.. The cost of mental disorders: A systematic review. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2020 Aug 18; 29:: e161. https://doi.org/10.1017/S204579602000075X
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Kraiss JT, Ten Klooster PM, Moskowitz JT, Bohlmeijer ET. The relationship between emotion regulation and well-being in patients with mental disorders: A meta-analysis. Compr Psychiatry. 2020 Oct; 102:: 152189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152189
     [Google Scholar]
  4. WHO. Global oral health status report: Towards universal health coverage for oral health by 2030. World Health Organization; 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240061484
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Sayers J. The world health report 2001 – Mental health: New understanding, new hope. Bull World Health Organ. 2001; 79:(11):1085. [Crossref]
     https://doi.org/PMC2566704 [Google Scholar]
  6. WHO. Pharmacological treatment of mental disorders in primary health care. World Health Organization; 2009. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241547697
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Robbins TW. Pharmacological treatment of cognitive deficits in non-dementing mental health disorders. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2019 Sep; 21:(3):301–8. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/trobbins
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Williams T, Stein DJ, Ipser J. A systematic review of network meta-analyses for pharmacological treatment of common mental disorders. Evid Based Ment Health. 2018 Feb; 21:(1):7–11. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2017-102718
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Subedi S, Paudel K, Thapa DK. Treatment non-compliance in patients with Schizophrenia. J Univ Coll Med Sci. 2020 June; 8:(1):3–8. https://doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v8i1.29773
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Seena MC, George R, Krishnakumar P, Ravindran RK. Non-compliance with treatment among persons with mental illness. Indian J Psychiatr Nurs. 2021 July; 18:(1):43–8. https://doi.org/10.4103/iopn.iopn_54_20
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Pandey S, Pandey AK. Non-compliance to medication in psychiatric patient. Indian J Behav Sci. 2021 Jul-Dec; 24:(1):25–9. https://doi.org/10.55229/ijbs.v24i1.47
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Bener A, Dafeeah EE, Salem MO. A study of reasons of non-compliance of psychiatric treatment and patients’ attitudes towards illness and treatment in Qatar. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2013; 34:(4):273–80.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. DePetro E. Medication non-compliance: Compliance to psychotropic medications within community mental health; 2020. Available from: https://repository.fit.edu/etd/242
     [Google Scholar]
  14. du Plessis J, Temane A, Poggenpoel M. Lived experiences of adults’ non-compliance with psychiatric medication for depression. S Afr J Psychiatr. 2024 Sep 20; 30:(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2202
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Marrero RJ, Fumero A, de Miguel A, Penate W. Psychological factors involved in psychopharmacological medication adherence in mental health patients: A systematic review. Patient Educ Couns. 2020 Oct; 103:(10):2116–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.04.030
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Hermans L, Van den Broucke S, Gisle L, Demarest S, Charafeddine R. Mental health, compliance with measures and health prospects during the COVID-19 epidemic: The role of health literacy. BMC Public Health. 2021 Jul 10; 21:(1):1365. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11437-w
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Gu Y, Zalkikar A, Liu M, Kelly L, Hall A, Daly K, et al.. Predicting medication adherence using ensemble learning and deep learning models with large-scale healthcare data. Sci Rep. 2021 Sep; 11:(1):18961. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98387-w
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Adelufosi AO, Adebowale TO, Abayomi O, Mosanya JT. Medication adherence and quality of life among Nigerian outpatients with schizophrenia. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2012 Jan-Feb; 34:(1):72–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2011.09.001
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Dixon L, Adams C, Lucksted A. Update on family psychoeducation for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2000; 26:(1):5–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033446
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Zhang S, Jin W, Fan S, Wang Q, Liu Y, Fu Z, et al.. Association of insight with stigma and its moderating factors among patients with stable schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2025 April; 278:: 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2025.03.024
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Amr M, El-Mogy A, Shams T. 2655–Adherence in Egyptian patients with schizophrenia: The role of insight, medication beliefs and spirituality. Eur Psychiatry. 2013 Dec; 28:: 1. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(13)77283-3
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Semahegn A, Torpey K, Manu A, Assefa N, Tesfaye G, Ankomah A. Psychotropic medication non-adherence and its associated factors among patients with major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2020 Jan 16; 9:(1):17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-1274-3
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Al Dameery K, Qutishat M, Abu-Baker R, Al Omari O, Alhalaiqa F, ALBashtawy M, et al.. Adherence to antidepressant medication among patients with depression in Oman: A cross-sectional study. Age. 2023 March; 36:(35):19–65. https://doi.org/10.37421/CSRP.2023.17.139
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Davarinejad O, Majd TM, Golmohammadi F, Mohammadi P, Radmehr F, Alikhani M, et al.. Identification of risk factors to predict the occurrences of relapses in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder in Iran. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 11; 18:(2):546. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020546
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Tiller J, Maguire T, Newman-Taylor K. Early intervention in psychosis services: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of barriers and facilitators to seeking access. Eur Psychiatry. 2023 Nov 6; 66:(1):e92. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2465
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Senitan M, Alhaiti AH, Gillespie J. Patient satisfaction and experience of primary care in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review. Int J Qual Health Care. 2018 Dec 1; 30:(10):751–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzy104
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Al-Hashemi T, Al-Mahrouqi T, Al-Huseini S, Al Salmi M, Al Nuumani R, Al Balushi F, et al.. Mental health stigma and help-seeking behaviors among primary healthcare physicians in Oman. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025 Jun 23; 22:(7):983. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22070983
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Gang M, Kim S, Ahn M-A. The influence of health literacy and insight on medication adherence in mental illness. J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2021 March; 30:(1):9–18. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2021.30.1.9
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Bible LJ, Casper KA, Seifert JL, Porter KA. Assessment of self-care and medication adherence in individuals with mental health conditions. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2017 May-Jun; 57:(3S):S203–10.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2017.02.023
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Misra S, Jackson VW, Chong J, Choe K, Tay C, Wong J, et al.. Systematic review of cultural aspects of stigma and mental illness among racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States: Implications for interventions. Am J Community Psychol. 2021 Dec; 68:(3–4):486–512. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12516
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Drossman DA, Ruddy J. Improving patient–provider relationships to improve health care. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Jun; 18:(7):1417–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2019.12.007
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Walsh DAB, Foster JLH. A call to action. A critical review of mental health-related anti-stigma campaigns. Front Public Health. 2021 Jan 8; 8:: 569539. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.569539
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Santamaría-García H, Baez S, Gómez C, Rodríguez-Villagra O, Huepe D, Portela M, et al.. The role of social cognition skills and social determinants of health in predicting symptoms of mental illness. Transl Psychiatry. 2020 May 26; 10:(1):165. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-0852-4
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Field TA. Clinical mental health counseling: A 40-year retrospective. J Ment Health Couns. 2017; 39:(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.39.1.01
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Søvold LE, Naslund JA, Kousoulis AA, Saxena S, Qoronfleh MW, Grobler C, et al.. Prioritizing the mental health and well-being of healthcare workers: An urgent global public health priority. Front Public Health. 2021 May 7; 9:: 679397. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.679397
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Basit SA, Mathews N, Kunik ME. Telemedicine interventions for medication adherence in mental illness: A systematic review. Gen Hos Psychiatry. 2020 Jan-Feb; 62:: 28–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.11.004
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Al-Arkee S, Mason J, Lane DA, Fabritz L, Chua W, Haque MS, et al.. Mobile apps to improve medication adherence in cardiovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2021 May 25; 23:(5):e24190. https://doi.org/10.2196/24190
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2025.98
Loading
Predictors and implications of medication non-adherence among psychiatric patients in Oman: A cross-sectional study
Qatar Medical Journal 2025, 98 (2025); https://doi.org/10.5339/qmj.2025.98
/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2025.98
/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2025.98
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Medication adherence, mental health, Oman and psychotropic medication

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error