1887
Volume 2019, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 0253-8253
  • EISSN: 2227-0426

Abstract

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a treatable thyroid hormone deficiency that causes severe mental retardation and growth deficiency if not detected and treated early. The treatment of CH is simple, inexpensive, and effective. With early detection and treatment, infants usually develop normally without mental retardation and become productive members of society. In Syria, a screening program is not available, and there is no published information about the actual incidence of CH. However, an unpublished pilot study supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency showed that the incidence of CH in Syria is more than the global incidence, indicating the importance of the application of a CH screening program in Syria. The present study aimed to collect baseline information about CH in Syria to estimate the potential need of a screening program. This retrospective study was performed at Children's University Hospital, Damascus. The study included the medical records of patients who had CH as the final diagnosis between 2008 and 2012. Some patients were diagnosed elsewhere and were then admitted to the hospital within the same period. In this study, 70 cases registered as CH, 67 of them had confirmed, 40 (57.1 %) were male and 30 (42.9%) were female. Among the patients, (51.4%, n = 36) involved parental consanguinity and 6 had a family history of hypothyroidism. Additionally, 74.3% were not diagnosed during the first month of life. The signs and symptoms most commonly detected were cretinoid face (60%), pallor (44.3%), delayed neuropsychomotor development (37.1%), growth failure (36.7%), jaundice (35.7%), and hypotonia (35.7%). A CH screening program is necessary in Syria owing to the low specificity of the signs and symptoms of CH, which can lead to delayed diagnosis, and the presence of asymptomatic cases (subclinical hypothyroidism).

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2019.7
2019-08-06
2024-03-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/qmj/2019/1/qmj.2019.7.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2019.7&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Rastogi MV, LaFranchi SH. Congenital Hypothyroidism. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2010 Jun 10; 5::17.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Valizadeh M, Mazloomzadeh S, Niksirat A, Shajari Z. High incidence and recall rate of congenital hypothyroidism in Zanjan Province, a health problem or a study challenge? Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jul 30; 9:4:338342.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Pezzuti IL, Lima PP, Dias VM. Congenital hypothyroidism: the clinical profile of affected newborns identified by the Newborn Screening Program of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2009 Jan-Feb; 85:1:7279.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Rastogi MV, LaFranchi SH. Congenital hypothyroidism. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2010 Jun 10; 5::17.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Najafian B, Shahverdi E, Afsharpaiman S, Shohrati M, Karimi S, Konjedi MA. Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism in an university hospital in Tehran, Iran. J Compr Ped. 2016 May 01; 7::e34500.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Daher R, Beaini M, Mahfouz R, Cortas N, Younis KA. A neonatal screening in Lebanon: Results of five years' experience. Ann Saudi Med. 2003 Jan-Mar; 23:1-2:1619.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Golbahar J, Al-Khayyat H, Hassan B, Agab W, Hassan E, Darwish A. Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism: a retrospective hospital based study from Bahrain. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jan-Feb; 23:1-2:3944.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Khatib S, Ayyad A, A Pilot Study on an Expanded Newborn Screening Program in Palestine. Phase II [Internet] Genetics and Metabolic Diseases Center [updated 2014 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.aphl.org/conferences/proceedings/Documents/2014/NBS/59Katib.pdf .
  9. Elbualy M, Bold A, De Silva V, Gibbons U. Congenital hypothyroid screening: the Oman experience. J Trop Pediatr. 1998 Apr; 44:2:8183.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Ogunkeye OO, Roluga AI, Khan FA. Resetting the detection level of cord blood thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) for the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism. J Trop Pediatr. 2008 Feb; 54:1:7477.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Bekhit OE, Yousef RM. Permanent and transient congenital hypothyroidism in Fayoum, Egypt: a descriptive retrospective study. PLoS ONE. 2013 Jun 28; 8:6:e68048.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Dabbous NI, Abd El-Aziz HM, Abou El-Enein NY, Kandil HH, El-Kafoury AA. Indicators of the screening program for congenital hypothyroidism in Alexandria. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2008; 83:3-4:307327.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Agrawal P, Philip R, Saran S, Gutch M, Razi MS, Agroiya P, Gupta K. Congenital hypothyroidism. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Mar-Apr; 19:2:221227.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Hamadeh N, Ali NE, Al-Sheikh F, Ghouri I, Neonatal screening of congenital hypothyroidism. Syrian Atomic Energy Commission. Forthcoming 2002.
  15. Ramadan AA, Congenital hypothyroidism, etiology, diagnosis and follow, and relationship between etiology and treatment. Forthcoming 2011.
  16. Nasheiti NA. Childhood hypothyroidism in Iraq: a retrospective study. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 3::136139.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Tarim OF, Yordam N. Congenital hypothiroidism in Turkey: a retrospective evaluation of 1000 cases. Turk J Pediatr. 1992 Oct-Dec; 34:4:197202.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Jacobsen BB, Brandt NJ. Congenital hypothyroidism in Denmark. Arch Dis Child. 1981 Feb; 56:2:134136.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Alm J, Larsson A, Zetterström R. Congenital hypothyroidism in Sweden. Incidence and age at diagnosis. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1978 Jan; 67:1:13.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2019.7
Loading
/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2019.7
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Congenital Hypothyroidismhigh TSH valueslow fT4 values and Newborn Screening
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error