1887
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute Care
  4. Volume 2022, Issue 6
  5. Article
6 The Anbar 2nd International Medical Conference (AIMCO 2022)
  • ISSN: 1999-7086
  • EISSN: 1999-7094

Abstract

The socio-clinical characteristics have been considered an important variable associated with COVID-19 and a predictor of morbidity and mortality. Convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) was one of the modalities used worldwide for COVID-19 treatment. In Iraq, there is a paucity of studies evaluating the socio-clinical variables of patients with severe COVID-19 treated with CPT. This study aims to describe the socio-clinical characteristics of patients with severe COVID-19 treated with and without CPT in one of the main COVID-19 treatment centers in Iraq. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between May 15 and August 14, 2020, at the main COVID-19 treatment center in Anbar Governorate, west of Iraq. Out of 529 hospitalized patients, a total of 438 with severe disease were enrolled in the study. The participants’ mean age was 49.9±13.8 years. The majority of the subjects were males, aged ≥40 years, residing in urban areas. 65.2% of the patients had at least one comorbidity, and 6.4% were smokers. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus represented the two commonest comorbid conditions. All patients have required oxygen therapy; 41.1% were performed with continuous positive airway pressure. Male patients aged ≥60, and patients with comorbidities received CPT at a higher frequency. This study corroborates the findings from other studies that certain socio-clinical characteristics had an association with hospitalization related to severe COVID-19. Convalescent plasma was administered in more than one-fifth of the COVID-19 hospitalized patients in Anbar during the early pandemic phase.

© 2022 Al-Ani, Al Shawi, Ghazzay, Al-koubaisy, Nassar, licensee HBKU Press.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2022.aimco.2
2022-12-06
2024-05-08
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jemtac/2022/6/jemtac.2022.aimco.2.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2022.aimco.2&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Who director-general’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 march 2020 [Internet]. World Health Organization. World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2021 Sep 29].Available from: https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Brainard J. Scientists are drowning in COVID-19 papers. Can new tools keep them afloat? Science. 2020;13:(10):1126.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Al-Ani A. Reactive lymphocytes in blood film of a COVID-19 Iraqi patient: A case report. Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy. 2020;42::57–8.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Al-Ani A. COVID-19 Variants and Vaccine Benefits-Risks Balance. Al-Anbar Med J. 2021;17:(2):46–8.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 28 september 2021 [Internet]. World Health Organization. World Health Organization; 2021[cited 2021 Sep 29]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---28-september-2021
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection is suspected: Interim Guidance [Internet]. WHO/nCoV/Clinical/2020.3. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2021 Sep 29]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/330893
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Peters DJ. Community Susceptibility and Resiliency to COVID-19 Across the Rural-Urban Continuum in the United States. J Rural Health. 2020 Jun;36:(3):446–56. doi: 10.1111/jrh.12477.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Jordan RE, Adab P, Cheng KK. Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death. BMJ. 2020 Mar 26;:368:m1198. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1198.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, et al. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature. 2020 Aug;584:(7821):430–36. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Casadevall A, Pirofski LA. The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19. J Clin Invest. 2020 Apr 1;130:(4):1545-48. doi: 10.1172/JCI138003.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Joyner MJ, Bruno KA, Klassen SA, Kunze KL, Johnson PW, Lesser ER, et al. Safety Update. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020;95:(9):1888–97. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.028.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. FDA issues emergency use authorization for convalescent plasma as potential promising COVID–19 treatment, another achievement in Administration’s fight against pandemic [Internet]. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA; 2020 [cited 2021 Sep 29]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-issues-emergency-use-authorization-convalescent-plasma-potential-promising-covid-19-treatment
     [Google Scholar]
  13. RECOVERY Collaborative Group. Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial. Lancet. 2021 May 29;397:(10289):2049-59. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00897-7.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. AlQahtani M, Abdulrahman A, Almadani A, Alali SY, Al Zamrooni AM, Hejab AH, et al. Randomized controlled trial of convalescent plasma therapy against standard therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Sci Rep. 2021 May 11;11:(1):9927. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89444-5.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Woloshin S, Patel N, Kesselheim AS. False Negative Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Infection - Challenges and Implications. N Engl J Med. 2020 Aug; 6383:(6):e38. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2015897.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Sanyaolu A, Okorie C, Marinkovic A, Patidar R, Younis K, Desai P, et al. Comorbidity and its Impact on Patients with COVID-19. SN Compr Clin Med. 2020;2:(8):1069–76.doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00363-4.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Gold MS, Sehayek D, Gabrielli S, Zhang X, McCusker C, Ben-Shoshan M. COVID-19 and comorbidities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Postgrad Med. 2020 Nov;132:(8):749–55.doi: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1786964.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Scientific evidence for conditions associated with higher risk for severe COVID-19 [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2020 [cited 2021 Sep 23]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/underlying-evidence-table.html
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Al-Ani A, Ismael Ghazzay H, al Shawi AF, Eyada Al-koubaisy HN, Al-Ani F, Aldouri M. Association of chronic diseases with mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated with convalescent plasma: Evidence from a single center – Iraq. Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute Care. 2022; 2022:(2). doi: 10.5339/jemtac.2022.13.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Population indicators [Internet]. Baghdad, Iraq: Central Statistical Organization, Iraq (CSO); 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 29] Available from: http://cosit.gov.iq/ar/?option=com_content&view=article&layout=edit&id=174&jsn_setmobile=no
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Zhang H, Wu Y, He Y, Liu X, Liu M, Tang Y, et al. Age-Related Risk Factors and Complications of Patients With COVID-19: A Population-Based Retrospective Study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022; 8::757459. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.757459.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Chen Y, Klein SL, Garibaldi BT, Li H, Wu C, Osevala NM, et al. Aging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention. Ageing Res Rev. 2021 Jan;65::101205. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101205.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. O’Driscoll M, Ribeiro Dos Santos G, Wang L, Cummings DAT, Azman AS, et al. Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2. Nature. 2021 Feb;590:(7844):140–5. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2918-0.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Bartleson JM, Radenkovic D, Covarrubias AJ, Furman D, Winer DA, Verdin E. SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the Ageing Immune System. Nat Aging. 2021 Sep;1:(9):769–82. doi: 10.1038/s43587-021-00114-7.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Raimondi F, Novelli L, Ghirardi A, Russo FM, Pellegrini D, Biza R, et al. HPG23 Covid-19 Study Group. Covid-19 and gender: lower rate but same mortality of severe disease in women – an observational study. BMC Pulm Med. 2021 Mar 20;21:(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s12890-021-01455-0.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Capuano A, Rossi F, Paolisso G. Covid-19 Kills More Men Than Women: An Overview of Possible Reasons. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2020; 7::131. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00131.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Ghazzay H, Al-Ani RM, Khalil MA, Hammad AF. Socio-clinical characteristics of COVID-19 disease in Anbar Governorate, Iraq. Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute Care. 2021;2021:(1):8. doi: 10.5339/jemtac.2021.8.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Huang Q, Jackson S, Derakhshan S, Lee L, Pham E, Jackson A, Cutter SL. Urban-rural differences in COVID-19 exposures and outcomes in the South: A preliminary analysis of South Carolina. PLoS One. 2021 Feb; 316:(2):e0246548. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246548.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Paul R, Arif AA, Adeyemi O, Ghosh S, Han D. Progression of COVID-19 From Urban to Rural Areas in the United States: A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Prevalence Rates. J Rural Health. 2020 Sep;36:(4):591–601. doi: 10.1111/jrh.12486.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Ng WH, Tipih T, Makoah NA, Vermeulen JG, Goedhals D, Sempa JB, et al. Comorbidities in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. mBio. 2021;12:(1):e03647-20. doi: 10.1128/mBio.03647-20.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Sanyaolu A, Okorie C, Marinkovic A, Patidar R, Younis K, Desai P, Hosein Z, et al. Comorbidity and its Impact on Patients with COVID-19. SN Compr Clin Med. 2020;2:(8):1069–76.doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00363-4.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Iraq Family Health Survey Study Group. Iraq Family Health Survey (IFHS) 2006/7 [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2007 [cited 2021 Sep 29]. Available from: https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/iraq-family-health-survey-20067
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Tobacco use and COVID-19 [Internet]. WHO statement. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2021 Sep 29]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/11-05-2020-who-statement-tobacco-use-and-covid-19
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Hopkinson NS, Rossi N, El-Sayed_Moustafa J, Laverty AA, Quint JK, Freidin M, et al. Current smoking and COVID-19 risk: results from a population symptom app in over 2.4 million people. Thorax. 2021;76:(7):714–22. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216422.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Cen Y, Chen X, Shen Y, Zhang X-H, Lei Y, Xu C, et al. Risk factors for disease progression in patients with mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019—a multi-centre observational study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26:(9):1242–7. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.05.041.
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2022.aimco.2
Loading
Evaluation of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated with or without convalescent plasma therapy: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study
Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute Care 2022, 2 (2022); https://doi.org/10.5339/jemtac.2022.aimco.2
/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2022.aimco.2
/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2022.aimco.2
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Keyword(s): comorbidity, convalescent plasma, COVID-19, Iraq and mortality

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error