Diastolic function grades: Left ventricular (LV) diastolic function ranges from normal (Grade 0) to impaired relaxation (Grade I), to pseudonormal (Grade II), to restrictive (Grade III), and irreversibly restrictive (Grade IV). LV relaxation and left atrial pressures (LAp) increase from Grades 0 to IV, as does LA volume. Mitral valve inflow (MVI), tissue Doppler imaging, Valsalva manoeuver, flow propagation velocity (Vp) and pulmonary venous flow are all helpful in distinguishing Grades of LV diastolic function, and should be used together for an integrated approach to the assessment of diastolic function as recommended in current guidelines (Figure adapted from Reference [31]).