oa Manama and Muharraq
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Chapter
- Authors: Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis and Nader Ardalan
- Source: Gulf Sustainable Urbanism – Past, Volume I , pp 114-195
- Publication Date: December 2018
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5339/GSU.9789927118951_4
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Manama and Muharraq
Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press) , 114 (2018); https://doi.org/10.5339/GSU.9789927118951_4
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Muharraq 2012
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Area: 36 km2
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Population: 109,695
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3,047/km2
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Area: 66 km2
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Population: 329,510
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Density: 4,993/km2
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Muharraq 2012
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Area: 36 km2
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Population: 109,695
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3,047/km2
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Area: 66 km2
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Population: 329,510
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Density: 4,993/km2
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Manama 1951
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Area: 3,44 km2
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Population: 43,000
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Density: 12,500/km2
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Manama 1951
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Area: 3,44 km2
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Population: 43,000
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Density: 12,500/km2
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Muharraq 1955
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Area: 1.36 km2
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Population: 39,600
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Density: 29,118/km2
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Muharraq 1955
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Area: 1.36 km2
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Population: 39,600
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Density: 29,118/km2
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IMAGE 3.1
Map of Bahrain, 1951
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IMAGE 3.1
Map of Bahrain, 1951
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FIGURE 3.1
Economic and political timelines of Manama and Muharraq
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FIGURE 3.1
Economic and political timelines of Manama and Muharraq
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FIGURE 3.2
Outdoor dry bulb temperature
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FIGURE 3.2
Outdoor dry bulb temperature
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FIGURE 3.3
Temperature and humidity variation
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FIGURE 3.3
Temperature and humidity variation
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FIGURE 3.4
Wind variations
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FIGURE 3.4
Wind variations
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FIGURE 3.5
Annual heat index and temperature profile
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FIGURE 3.5
Annual heat index and temperature profile
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IMAGE 3.2
Islamic carved stone, 7th century CE
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IMAGE 3.2
Islamic carved stone, 7th century CE
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IMAGE 3.3
Ships from Dilmun: relief tablet showing Ur-Nanshe, King of Lagash in Mesopotamia, 2500 BCE
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IMAGE 3.3
Ships from Dilmun: relief tablet showing Ur-Nanshe, King of Lagash in Mesopotamia, 2500 BCE
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IMAGE 3.4
Barbar temples
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IMAGE 3.4
Barbar temples
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IMAGE 3.5
Souq Al-Kharow in Muharraq, c. 1880
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IMAGE 3.5
Souq Al-Kharow in Muharraq, c. 1880
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IMAGE 3.6
Muharraq Souq in the 1940s
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IMAGE 3.6
Muharraq Souq in the 1940s
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IMAGE 3.7
Manama, view from the north in the 1940s
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IMAGE 3.7
Manama, view from the north in the 1940s
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IMAGE 3.8
Muharraq port, c. 1919
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IMAGE 3.8
Muharraq port, c. 1919
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FIGURE 3.6
Timeline
The transition period from the historic past to the modern times for the cities of Manama and Muharraq in Bahrain is identified from the mid-1930s to the end of the 1940s. In these defining years, the city experienced the first commercialization of oil, development of modern road networks, first commercial flights, and major civil and social infrastructure projects, such as land reclamation and the Friday Mosque built by oil revenues. In 1951, there is the latest trace of the historic city core and the commencement of construction of waterfront highways and major arterial connections in the transportation network. In a similar case to Kuwait City, Manama started to experience the first traces of modernization in the decades of the 1910s and 1920s, an outcome of the strong commercial and trade hub that existed on the island. The influx of oil revenues during the 1930s was the deciding factor that pushed the city from its historic past to its modern period.
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FIGURE 3.6
Timeline
The transition period from the historic past to the modern times for the cities of Manama and Muharraq in Bahrain is identified from the mid-1930s to the end of the 1940s. In these defining years, the city experienced the first commercialization of oil, development of modern road networks, first commercial flights, and major civil and social infrastructure projects, such as land reclamation and the Friday Mosque built by oil revenues. In 1951, there is the latest trace of the historic city core and the commencement of construction of waterfront highways and major arterial connections in the transportation network. In a similar case to Kuwait City, Manama started to experience the first traces of modernization in the decades of the 1910s and 1920s, an outcome of the strong commercial and trade hub that existed on the island. The influx of oil revenues during the 1930s was the deciding factor that pushed the city from its historic past to its modern period.
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FIGURE 3.7
Trade network
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FIGURE 3.7
Trade network
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FIGURE 3.8
Economic model
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FIGURE 3.8
Economic model
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IMAGE 3.9
Pearl divers at work
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IMAGE 3.9
Pearl divers at work
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IMAGE 3.10
A pearling boat
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IMAGE 3.10
A pearling boat
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FIGURE 3.9
Marine habitats and pearling
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FIGURE 3.9
Marine habitats and pearling
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Untitled
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FIGURE 3.10
Ecosystems and topography profile
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FIGURE 3.10
Ecosystems and topography profile
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FIGURE 3.11
Land resources, 1951
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FIGURE 3.11
Land resources, 1951
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FIGURE 3.12
Habitats and species
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FIGURE 3.12
Habitats and species
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FIGURE 3.13
Evolution of the coastline
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FIGURE 3.13
Evolution of the coastline
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IMAGE 3.11
Manama, 1968
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IMAGE 3.11
Manama, 1968
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IMAGE 3.12
Muharraq, 1968
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IMAGE 3.12
Muharraq, 1968
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FIGURE 3.14
Water depth between Manama and Muharraq
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FIGURE 3.14
Water depth between Manama and Muharraq
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FIGURE 3.15
Regional hydrology
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FIGURE 3.15
Regional hydrology
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FIGURE 3.16
Map of Bahrain, 1951
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FIGURE 3.16
Map of Bahrain, 1951
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FIGURE 3.17
Urban parcels in Bahrain, 1953
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FIGURE 3.17
Urban parcels in Bahrain, 1953
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FIGURE 3.18
Evolution of the urban form
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FIGURE 3.18
Evolution of the urban form
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Untitled
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FIGURE 3.19
City evolution index
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FIGURE 3.19
City evolution index
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FIGURE 3.20
Area growth versus population growth
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FIGURE 3.20
Area growth versus population growth
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FIGURE 3.21
Seafront versus city perimeter
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FIGURE 3.21
Seafront versus city perimeter
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FIGURE 3.22
City growth, 1810–1953
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FIGURE 3.22
City growth, 1810–1953
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FIGURE 3.23
City’s context
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FIGURE 3.23
City’s context
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FIGURE 3.24
Water resources
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FIGURE 3.24
Water resources
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FIGURE 3.25
Evolution of the coastline and land reclamation
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FIGURE 3.25
Evolution of the coastline and land reclamation
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FIGURE 3.26
Proximity to the seafront
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FIGURE 3.26
Proximity to the seafront
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IMAGE 3.13
The Manama seafront in the 1920s
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IMAGE 3.13
The Manama seafront in the 1920s
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FIGURE 3.27
Sea and land accessibilities
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FIGURE 3.27
Sea and land accessibilities
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Untitled
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FIGURE 3.28
City built fabric, 1953
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FIGURE 3.28
City built fabric, 1953
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FIGURE 3.29
‘Arish structures and masonry buildings
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FIGURE 3.29
‘Arish structures and masonry buildings
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FIGURE 3.30
City points of reference
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FIGURE 3.30
City points of reference
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Untitled
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Untitled
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FIGURE 3.31
Souq analysis
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FIGURE 3.31
Souq analysis
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Untitled
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Untitled
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FIGURE 3.32
Activities by zones, 1940s
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FIGURE 3.32
Activities by zones, 1940s
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FIGURE 3.33
Buildings typologies, 1940s
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FIGURE 3.33
Buildings typologies, 1940s
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FIGURE 3.34
Configuration study
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FIGURE 3.34
Configuration study
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FIGURE 3.35
Names and locations of neighbourhoods
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FIGURE 3.35
Names and locations of neighbourhoods
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FIGURE 3.36
Neighbourhood subdivision analysis
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FIGURE 3.36
Neighbourhood subdivision analysis
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Untitled
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FIGURE 3.37
Urban textures
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FIGURE 3.37
Urban textures
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Untitled
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FIGURE 3.38
Selected neighbourhood: Al-bin Khatir
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FIGURE 3.38
Selected neighbourhood: Al-bin Khatir
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FIGURE 3.39
Neighbourhood analysis: Al-bin Khatir
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FIGURE 3.39
Neighbourhood analysis: Al-bin Khatir
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FIGURE 3.40
Neighbourhood analysis: Al-bin Khatir
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FIGURE 3.40
Neighbourhood analysis: Al-bin Khatir
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Untitled
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FIGURE 3.41
Proximity to the mosque
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FIGURE 3.41
Proximity to the mosque
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FIGURE 3.42
Movement network
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FIGURE 3.42
Movement network
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Untitled
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Untitled
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IMAGE 3.14
‘Arish structures in Bahrain
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IMAGE 3.14
‘Arish structures in Bahrain
/content/figure/9789927118951.b_9789927118951-ch03.b-9789927118951_003-fig3.43
FIGURE 3.43
Identification and documentation of units
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FIGURE 3.43
Identification and documentation of units
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Untitled
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Untitled
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FIGURE 3.44
Plans and elevations
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FIGURE 3.44
Plans and elevations
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Untitled
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IMAGE 3.15
Views and details
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IMAGE 3.15
Views and details
/content/figure/9789927118951.b_9789927118951-ch03.b-9789927118951_003-fig3.45
FIGURE 3.45
Plans and elevations
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FIGURE 3.45
Plans and elevations
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Untitled
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FIGURE 3.46
Plans and elevations
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FIGURE 3.46
Plans and elevations
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Untitled
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/content/figure/9789927118951.b_9789927118951-ch03.b-9789927118951_003-fig3.47
FIGURE 3.47
Plan and elevations
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9789927118951/b-9789927118951_003-fig47.gif
FIGURE 3.47
Plan and elevations
/content/figure/9789927118951.b_9789927118951-ch03.b-9789927118951_003-fig3.48
FIGURE 3.48
Plan and elevations
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FIGURE 3.48
Plan and elevations
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FIGURE 3.49
Configuration analysis
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FIGURE 3.49
Configuration analysis
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Untitled
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FIGURE 3.50
Floor area ratios
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FIGURE 3.50
Floor area ratios
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FIGURE 3.51
Visibility Graphs
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FIGURE 3.51
Visibility Graphs
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Untitled
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Untitled
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FIGURE 3.52
Justified Permeability Graphs
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FIGURE 3.52
Justified Permeability Graphs
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Untitled
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FIGURE 3.53
Shading analysis
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FIGURE 3.53
Shading analysis
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Untitled
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Untitled
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FIGURE 3.54
Shading profile
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FIGURE 3.54
Shading profile
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FIGURE 3.55
Daylighting analysis
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FIGURE 3.55
Daylighting analysis
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FIGURE 3.56
Illuminance
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FIGURE 3.56
Illuminance
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FIGURE 3.57
Unit thermal analysis
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FIGURE 3.57
Unit thermal analysis
/content/figure/9789927118951.b_9789927118951-ch03.b-9789927118951_003-fig3.58
FIGURE 3.58
Free running building
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FIGURE 3.58
Free running building
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FIGURE 3.59
Heating and cooling loads
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FIGURE 3.59
Heating and cooling loads
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