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Volume 2022, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 0253-8253
  • EISSN: 2227-0426

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Multiple risk factors, including low hemoglobin levels, have been associated with poor outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, the long-term impact of anemia on death has not been investigated in high-risk patients in the United Arab Emirates. Therefore, this study evaluated whether anemia is a significant predictor of mortality in United Arab Emirates nationals with cardiovascular disease over 10 years.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in an adult population of United Arab Emirates nationals with a history of cardiovascular disease, recruited from a tertiary healthcare facility. Electronic medical records between April 2008 and December 2008 were reviewed, and follow-up was conducted until December 2019. The survival functions for all-cause mortality in the presence and absence of anemia were compared using univariate Kaplan–Meier analysis with a log-rank test. The association between anemia and all-cause mortality was evaluated using a multivariable Cox regression model.

Results: A total of 224 patients were included in the follow-up for 10.5 years. At baseline, 46% of the patients had anemia, with a mean Hgb level of 105.5 ± 28.0 g/L. Patients with anemia were older (68 vs. 63 years, p = 0.001) and had a higher rate of chronic kidney disease (37.5% vs. 17.5%, p = 0.001) than those without anemia. A total of 77 (34.4%) deaths were recorded by the end of the follow-up period. Risk of all-cause mortality was significantly higher in patients with anemia than in those without (hazard ratio = 2.03, 95% confidence interval = 1.22–3.40, p = 0.006). Age and chronic kidney disease were also statistically significant predictors of death (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion: Anemia is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in United Arab Emirates nationals with underlying cardiovascular disease. Early intervention and treatment for anemia may improve clinical outcomes in this population.

© 2022 Al-Shamsi, Al-Bluwi, Al Shamsi, Al Kaabi, Al Khemeiri, Baniyas, licensee HBKU Press.
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2022-03-12
2024-04-19
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Prognostic impact of anemia on the mortality of United Arab Emirates nationals with cardiovascular disease
Qatar Medical Journal 2022, 3 (2022); https://doi.org/10.5339/qmj.2022.3
/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2022.3
/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2022.3
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Keyword(s): Anemia, cardiovascular disease, mortality and United Arab Emirates

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