1887
Volume 2015, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 2305-7823
  • EISSN:
Preview this article:

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5339/gcsp.2015.24
2015-07-02
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/gcsp/2015/2/gcsp.2015.24.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5339/gcsp.2015.24&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Falk E, Nakano M, Bentzon JF, Finn AV, Virmani R. Update on acute coronary syndromes: the pathologists' view. Eur Heart J. 2013; 34::719728.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Braunwald E. Myocardial reperfusion, limitation of infarct size, reduction of left ventricular dysfunction, and improved survival. Should the paradigm be extended? Circulation. 1989; 79::441444.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. O'Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, Casey DE Jr, Chung MK, de Lemos JA, Ettinger SM, Fang JC, Fesmire FM, Franklin BA, Granger CB, Krumholz HM, Linderbaum JA, Morrow DA, Newby LK, Ornato JP, Ou N, Radford MJ, Tamis-Holland JE, Tommaso CL, Tracy CM. American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013; 127::e362e425.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. 2012 Writing Committee Members, Jneid H, Anderson JL, Wright RS, Adams CD, Bridges CR, Casey DE Jr, Ettinger SM, Fesmire FM, Ganiats TG, Lincoff AM, Peterson ED, Philippides GJ, Theroux P, Wenger NK, Zidar JP, Anderson JL. American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2012 ACCF/AHA focused update of the guideline for the management of patients with unstable angina/Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (updating the 2007 guideline and replacing the 2011 focused update): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2012; 126::875890.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Steg PG, López-Sendón J, Lopez de Sa E, Goodman SG, Gore JM, Anderson FA Jr, Himbert D, Allegrone J, Van de Werf F. GRACE Investigators. External validity of clinical trials in acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med. 2007; 167::6873.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Dall'Armellina E, Karamitsos TD, Neubauer S, Choudbury RP. CMR for characterization of the myocardium in acute coronary syndromes. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2010; 7::624636.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Muthurangu V, Dymarkowski S. Cardiac MRI physics in Clinical Cardiac MRI. 2nd Edition. Germany: Springer Heidelberg 2012;:129. ISBN 978-3-642-23034-9.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Simonetti OP, Finn P, White RD, Laub G, Henry DA. “Black blood” T2-weighted inversion-recovery MR imaging of the heart. Radiology. 1996; 199::4957.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Carr JC, Simonetti O, Bundy J, Li D, Pereles S, Finn JP. Cine MR angiography of the heart with segmented true fast imaging with steady-state precession. Radiology. 2001; 219::828834.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Salerno M, Kramer CM. Advances in parametric mapping with CMR imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013; 6::806822.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Dymarkowski S. Practical set-up in Clinical Cardiac MRI. 2nd Edition. Germany: Springer Heidelberg 2012;:5367. ISBN 978-3-642-23034-9.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Nazarian S, Beinart R, Halperin HR. Magnetic resonance imaging and implantable devices. Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 2013; 6::419428.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Ferreira VM, Piechnik SK, Dall'Armellina E, Karamitsos TD, Francis JM, Choudhury RP, Friedrich MG, Robson MD, Neubauer S. Non-contrast T1-mapping detects acute myocardial edema with high diagnostic accuracy: a comparison to T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2012; 14::42.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Ugander M, Bagi PS, Oki AJ, Chen B, Hsu LY, Aletras AH, Shah S, Greiser A, Kellman P, Arai AE. Myocardial edema as detected by pre-contrast T1 and T2 CMR delineates area at risk associated with acute myocardial infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012; 5::596603.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Taylor AJ, Al-Saadi N, Abdel-Aty H, Schulz-Menger J, Messroghli DR, Friedrich MG. Detection of acutely impaired microvascular reperfusion after infarct angioplasty with magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation. 2004; 109::20802085.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Bogaert J, Kalantzi M, Rademakers FE, Dymarkowski S, Janssens S. Determinants and impact of microvascular obstruction in successfully reperfused ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Assessment by magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol. 2007; 17::25722580.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Masci PG, Dymarkowski S, Rademakers FE, Bogaert J. Determination of regional ejection fraction in patients with myocardial infarction by using merged late gadolinium enhancement and cine MR: feasibility study. Radiology. 2009; 250:1:5060.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Setser RM, Kim JK, Chung YC, Chen K, Stillman AE, Loeffler R, Simonetti OP, Weaver JA, Lieber ML, White RD. Cine delayed-enhancement MR imaging of the heart: initial experience. Radiology. 2006; 239:3:856862.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Masci PG, Dymarkowski S, Bogaert J. Valvular heart disease: what does cardiovascular MRI add? Eur Radiol. 2008; 18::197208.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Rademakers F, Van de Werf F, Mortelmans L, Marchal G, Bogaert J. Evolution of regional performance after an acute anterior myocardial infarction in humans using magnetic resonance tagging. J Physiol. 2003; 546::777787.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Desch S, Engelhardt H, Meissner J, Eitel I, Sareban M, Fuernau G, de Waha S, Grothoff M, Gutberlet M, Schuler G, Thiele H. Reliability of myocardial salvage assessment by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in acute reperfused myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012; 28::263272.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Thiele H, Kappl MJ, Conradi S, Niebauer J, Hambrecht R, Schuler G. Reproducibility of chronic and acute infarct measurement by delayed enhancement-magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 47::16411645.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Greenwood JP, Maredia N, Younger JF, Brown JM, Nixon J, Everett CC, Bijsterveld P, Ridgway JP, Radjenovic A, Dickinson CJ, Ball SG, Plein S. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance and single-photon emission computed tomography for diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CE-MARC): a prospective trial. Lancet. 2012; 379::453460.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Schwitter J, Wacker CM, Wilke N, Al-Saadi N, Sauer E, Huettle K, Schönberg SO, Luchner A, Strohm O, Ahlstrom H, Dill T, Hoebel N, Simor T. MR-IMPACT Investigators. MR-IMPACT II: Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Myocardial Perfusion Assessment in Coronary artery disease Trial: perfusion-cardiac magnetic resonance vs. single-photon emission computed tomography for the detection of coronary artery disease: a comparative multicenter, multivendor trial. Eur Heart J. 2013; 34::775781.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Al-Saadi N, Nagel E, Gross M, Bornstedt A, Schnackenburg B, Klein C, Klimek W, Oswald H, Fleck E. Noninvasive detection of myocardial ischemia from perfusion reserve based on cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circulation. 2000; 101::13791383.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Jahnke C, Paetsch I, Schnackenburg B, Bornstedt A, Gebker R, Fleck E, Nagel E, Coronary MR. angiography with steady-state free precession: individually adapted breath-hold technique versus free-breathing technique. Radiology. 2004; 232::669676.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Ishida M, Sakuma H. Coronary MR angiography revealed: how to optimize image quality. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2015; 23::117125.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Lonborg J, Kelbæk H, Vejlstrup N, Bøtker HE, Kim WY, Holmvang L, Jørgensen E, Helqvist S, Saunamäki K, Thuesen L, Krusell LR, Clemmensen P, Engstrøm T. Influence of pre-infarction angina, collateral flow, and pre-procedural TIMI flow on myocardial salvage index by cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012; 13::433443.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Masci PG, Andreini D, Francone M, Bertella E, De Luca L, Coceani M, Mushtaq S, Mariani M, Carbone I, Pontone G, Agati L, Bogaert J, Lombardi M. Prodromal angina is associated with myocardial salvage in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013; 14::10411048.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Bainey KR, Armstrong PW. Clinical perspectives on reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 2014; 167::637645.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Ortiz-Perez JT, Meyers SN, Lee DC, Kansal P, Klocke FJ, Holly TA, Davidson CJ, Bonow RO, Wu E. Angiographic estimates of myocardium at risk during acute myocardial infarction: validation study using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J. 2007; 28::17501758.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Wright J, Adriaenssens T, Dymarkowski S, Desmet W, Bogaert J. Quantification of myocardial area at risk with T2-weighted CMR: comparison with contrast-enhanced CMR and coronary angiography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009; 2::825831.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Friedrich MG, Abdel-Aty H, Taylor A, Schulz-Menger J, Messroghli D, Dietz R. The salvaged area at risk in reperfused acute myocardial infarction as visualized by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008; 51::15811587.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Fuernau G, Eitel I, Franke V, Hildebrandt L, Meissner J, de Waha S, Lurz P, Gutberlet M, Desch S, Schuler G, Thiele H. Myocardium at risk in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction comparison of T2-weighted edema imaging with the MR-assessed endocardial surface area and validation against angiographic scoring. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011; 4::967976.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Masci PG, Ganame J, Strata E, Desmet W, Aquaro GD, Dymarkowski S, Valenti V, Janssens S, Lombardi M, Van de Werf F, L'Abbate A, Bogaert J. Myocardial salvage by CMR correlates with LV remodeling and early ST-segment resolution in acute myocardial infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010; 3::4551.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Ortiz-Pérez JT, Lee DC, Meyers SN, Davidson CJ, Bonow RO, Wu E. Determinants of myocardial salvage during acute myocardial infarction: evalution with a combined angiographic and CMR myocardial salvage index. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010; 3::491500.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Canby RC, Reeves RC, Evanochko WT, Elgavish GA, Pohost GM. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times in severe myocardial ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987; 10::412420.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Garcia-Dorado D, Oliveras J, Gili J, Sanz E, Pérez-Villa F, Barrabés J, Carreras MJ, Solares J, Soler-Soler J. Analysis of myocardial oedema by magnetic resonance imaging early after coronary artery occlusion with or without reperfusion. Cardiovasc Res. 1993; 27::14621469.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Abdel-Aty H, Cocker M, Meek C, Tyberg JV, Friedrich MG. Edema as a very early marker for acute myocardial ischemia: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53::11941201.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Abdel-Aty H, Zagrosek A, Schulz-Menger J, Taylor AJ, Messroghli D, Kumar A, Gross M, Dietz R, Friedrich MG. Delayed enhancement and T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging differentiate acute from chronic myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2004; 109::24112416.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Croisille P, Kim HW, Kim RJ. Controversies in cardiovascular MR imaging: T2-weighted imaging should not be used to delineate the area at risk in ischemic myocardial injury. Radiology. 2012; 265::1222.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Arai AE, Leung S, Kellman P. Controversies in cardiovascular MR imaging: reasons why imaging myocardial T2 has clinical and pathophysiologic value in acute myocardial infarction. Radiology. 2012; 265::2332.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Ubachs JF, Engblom H, Erlinge D, Jovinge S, Hedström E, Carlsson M, Arheden H. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance of the myocardium at risk in acute reperfused myocardial infarction: comparison of T2-weighted imaging versus the circumferential endocardial extent of late gadolinium enhancement with transmural projection. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2010; 12::18.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Aletras AH, Tilak GS, Natanzon A, Hsu LY, Gonzalez FM, Hoyt RF Jr, Arai AE. Retrospective determination of the area at risk for reperfused acute myocardial infarction with T2-weighted cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: histopathological and displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) functional validations. Circulation. 2006; 113::18651870.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Dymarkowski S, Ni Y, Miao Y, Bogaert J, Rademakers F, Bosmans H, Marchal G. Value of T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging early after myocardial infarction in dogs: comparison with bis-gadolinium-mesoporphyrin enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and functional data from cine magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiol. 2002; 37::7785.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. McAlindon EJ, Pufulete M, Harris JM, Lawton CB, Moon JC, Manghat N, Hamilton MC, Weale PJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C. Measurement of myocardium at risk with cardiovascular MR: comparison of techniques for edema imaging. Radiology. 2015; ahead of press.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Judd RM, Lugo-Olivieri CH, Arai M, Kondo T, Croisille P, Lima JA, Mohan V, Becker LC, Zerhouni EA. Physiological basis of myocardial contrast enhancement in fast magnetic resonance images of 2-day-old reperfused canine infarcts. Circulation. 1995; 92::19021910.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Ni Y, Pislaru C, Bosmans H, Pislaru S, Miao Y, Bogaert J, Dymarkowski S, Yu J, Semmler W, Van de Werf F, Baert AL, Marchal G. Intracoronary delivery of Gd-DTPA and gadophrin-2 for determination of myocardial viability with MR imaging. Eur Radiol. 2001; 11::876883.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Simonetti OP, Kim RJ, Fieno DS, Hillenbrand HB, Wu E, Bundy JM, Finn JP, Judd RM. An improved MR imaging technique for the visualization of myocardial infarction. Radiology. 2001; 218::215223.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Masci PG, Ganame J, Francone M, Desmet W, Lorenzoni V, Iacucci I, Barison A, Carbone I, Lombardi M, Agati L, Janssens S, Bogaert J. Relationship between location and size of myocardial infarction and their reciprocal influences on post-infarction left ventricular remodelling. Eur Heart J. 2011; 32::16401648.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Eitel I, Desch S, Sareban M, Fuernau G, Gutberlet M, Schuler G, Thiele H. Prognostic significance and magnetic resonance imaging findings in aborted myocardial infarction after primary angioplasty. Am Heart J. 2009; 158::806813.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Eitel I, Desch S, Fuernau G, Hildebrand L, Gutberlet M, Schuler G, Thiele H. Prognostic significance and determinants of myocardial salvage assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in acute reperfused myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010; 55::24702479.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Eitel I, Desch S, de Waha S, Fuernau G, Gutberlet M, Schuler G, Thiele H. Long-term prognostic value of myocardial salvage assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in acute reperfused myocardial infarction. Heart. 2011; 97::20382045.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Fuster V, Sanz J, Viles-Gonzalez JF, Rajagopalan S. The utility of magnetic resonance imaging in cardiac tissue regeneration trials. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2006; 3::S2S7.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Ye Y, Bogaert J. Cell therapy in myocardial infarction: emphasis on the role of MRI. Eur Radiol. 2008; 18::548569.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Janssens S, Dubois C, Bogaert J, Theunissen K, Deroose C, Desmet W, Kalantzi M, Herbots L, Sinnaeve P, Dens J, Maertens J, Rademakers F, Dymarkowski S, Gheysens O, Van Cleemput J, Bormans G, Nuyts J, Belmans A, Mortelmans L, Boogaerts M, Van de Werf F. Autologous bone narrow-derived stem-cell transfer in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006; 367::113121.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Mahrholdt H, Wagner A, Holly TA, Elliott MD, Bonow RO, Kim RJ, Judd RM. Reproducibility of chronic infarct size measurement by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation. 2002; 106::23222327.
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Ibrahim T, Nekolla SG, Hörnke M, Bülow HP, Dirschinger J, Schömig A, Schwaiger M. Quantitative measurement of infarct size by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging early after acute myocardial infarction. Comparison with single-photon emission tomography using Tc99m-sestamibi. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005; 45::544552.
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Florian A, Slavich M, Masci PG, Janssens S, Bogaert J. Electrocardiographic Q-wave “remodeling” in reperfused ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Validation study with CMR. J Am Coll Cardiol Imag. 2012; 5::10031013.
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Wagner A, Mahrholdt H, Holly TA, Elliott MD, Regenfus M, Parker M, Klocke FJ, Bonow RO, Kim RJ, Judd RM. Contrast-enhanced MRI and routine single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) perfusion imaging for detection of subendocardial myocardial infarcts: an imaging study. Lancet. 2003; 361::374379.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Barbier CE, Bjerner T, Johansson L, Lind L, Ahlström H. Myocardial scars more frequent than expected. Magnetic resonance imaging detects potential risk group. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 48::765771.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Schelbert EB, Cao JJ, Sigurdsson S, Aspelund T, Kellman P, Aletras AH, Dyke CK, Thorgeirsson G, Eiriksdottir G, Launer LJ, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Arai AE. Prevalence and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction determined by cardiac magnetic resonance in older adults. JAMA. 2012; 308::890897.
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Thiele H, Kappl MJ, Linke A, Erbs S, Boudriot E, Lembcke A, Kivelitz D, Schuler G. Influence of time-to-treatment, TIMI-flow grades, and ST-segment resolution on infarct size and infarct transmurality as assessed by delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:1433–1439.
  64. Bogaert J, Maes A, Van de Werf F, Bosmans H, Herregods MC, Nuyts J, Desmet W, Mortelmans L, Marchal G, Rademakers FE. Functional recovery of subepicardial myocardial tissue in transmural myocardial infarction after successful reperfusion. An important contribution to the improvement in regional and global left ventricular function. Circulation. 1999; 99::3643.
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Hillenbrand HB, Kim RJ, Parker MA, Fieno DS, Judd RM. Early assessment of myocardial salvage by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation. 2000; 102::16781683.
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Tarantini G, Razzolini R, Cacciavillani L, Bilato C, Sarais C, Corbetti F, Marra MP, Napodano M, Ramondo A, Iliceto S. Influence of transmurality, infarct size, and severe microvascular obstruction on left ventricular remodeling and function after primary coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol. 2006; 98::10331040.
    [Google Scholar]
  67. de Waha S, Eitel I, Desch S, Fuernau G, Lurz P, Haznedar D, Grothoff M, Gutberlet M, Schuler G, Thiele H. Time dependency, predictors and clinical impact of infarct transmurality assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction reperfused by primary coronary percutaneous intervention. Clin Res Cardiol. 2012; 101::191200.
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Kloner RA, Ganote CE, Jennings RB. The “no-reflow” phenomenon after temporary coronary occlusion in the dog. J Clin Invest. 1974;:14961508.
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Niccoli G, Burzotta F, Galiuto L, Crea F. Myocardial no-reflow in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 54::281292.
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Mewton N, Bonnefoy E, Revel D, Ovize M, Kirkorian G, Croisille P. Presence and extent of cardiac magnetic resonance microvascular obstruction in reperfused non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction and correlation with infarct size and myocardial enzyme release. Cardiology. 2009; 113::5058.
    [Google Scholar]
  71. van Kranen burg M, Magro M, Thiele H, de Waha S, Eitel I, Cochet A, Cottin Y, Atar D, Buser P, Wu E, Lee D, Bodi V, Klug G, Metzler B, Delewi R, Bernhardt P, Rottbauer W, Boersma E, Zijlstra F, vanGeuns RJ. Prognostic value of microvascular obstruction and infarct size, as measured by CMR in STEMI patients. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014; 7::930939.
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Hamirani YS, Wong A, Kramer CM, Salerno M. Effect of microvascular obstruction and intramyocardial hemorrhage by CMR on LV remodeling and outcomes after myocardial infarction. A systematic review and meta-analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014; 7::940952.
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Wu KC, Zerhouni EA, Judd RM, Lugo-Olivieri CH, Barouch LA, Schulman SP, Blumenthal RS, Lima JA. Prognostic significance of microvascular obstruction by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1998; 97::765772.
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Gerber BL, Rochitte CE, Melin JA, McVeigh ER, Bluemke DA, Wu KC, Becker LC, Lima JA. Microvascular obstruction and left ventricular remodeling early after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2000; 101::27342741.
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Hombach V, Grebe O, Merkle N, Waldenmaier S, Höher M, Kochs M, Wöhrle J, Kestler HA. Sequela of acute myocardial infarction regarding cardiac structure and function and their prognostic significance as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J. 2005; 26::549557.
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Francone M, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Carbone I, Canali E, Scardala R, Calabrese FA, Sardella G, Mancone M, Catalano C, Fedele F, Passariello R, Bogaert J, Agati L. Impact of primary coronary angioplasty delay on myocardial salvage, infarct size, and microvascular damage in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: insight from cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 54::21452153.
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Desch S, Eitel I, Schmitt J, Sareban M, Fuernau G, Schuler G, Thiele H. Effect of coronary collaterals on microvascular obstruction as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol. 2009; 104::12041209.
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Eitel I, de Waha S, Wöhrle J, Fuernau G, Lurz P, Pauschinger M, Desch S, Schuler G, Thiele H. Comprehensive prognosis assessment by CMR imaging after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64::12171226.
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Ito H, Tomooka T, Sakai N, Yu H, Higashino Y, Fujii K, Masuyama T, Kitabatake A, Minamino T. Lack of myocardial perfusion immediately after successful thrombolysis. A predictor of poor recovery of left ventricular function in anterior myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1992; 85::16991705.
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Rochitte CE, Kim RJ, Hillenbrand HB, Chen E-L, Lima JAC. Microvascular integrity and the time course of myocardial sodium accumulation after acute infarction. Circ Res. 2000; 87::648655.
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Porto I, Burzotta F, Brancati M, Trani C, Lombardo A, Romagnoli E, Niccoli G, Natale L, Bonomo L, Crea F. Relation of myocardial blush grade to microvascular perfusion and myocardial infarct size after primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol. 2007; 99::16711673.
    [Google Scholar]
  82. McGeoch R, Watkins S, Berry C, Steedman T, Davie A, Byrne J, Hillis S, Lindsay M, Robb S, Dargie H, Oldroyd K. The index of microcirculatory resistence measured acutely predicts the extent and severity of myocardial infarction in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Interventions. 2010; 3::715722.
    [Google Scholar]
  83. Bekkers SC, Backes WH, Kim RJ, Snoep G, Gorgels AP, Passos VL, Waltenberger J, Crijns HJ, Schalla S. Detection and characteristics of microvascular obstruction in reperfused acute myocardial infarction using an optimized protocol for contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol. 2009; 19::29042912.
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Nijveldt R, Hofman MB, Hirsch A, Beek AM, Umans VA, Algra PR, Piek JJ, van Rossum AC. Assessment of microvascular obstruction and prediction of short-term remodeling after acute myocardial infarction: cardiac MR imaging study. Radiology. 2008; 250::363370.
    [Google Scholar]
  85. de Waha S, Desch S, Eitel I, Fuernau G, Lurz P, Leuschner A, Grothoff M, Gutberlet M, Schuler G, Thiele H. Relationship and prognostic value of microvascular obstruction and infarct size in ST-elevation myocardial infarction as visualized by magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Res Cardiol. 2012; 101::487495.
    [Google Scholar]
  86. Sardella G, Mancone M, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Agati L, Scardala R, Carbone I, Francone M, Di Roma A, Benedetti G, Conti G, Fedele F. Thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention improves myocardial reperfusion and reduced infarct size. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 53::309315.
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Desmet W, Bogaert J, Dubois C, Sinnaeve P, Adriaenssens T, Pappas C, Ganame J, Dymarkowski S, Janssens S, Belmans A, Van de Werf F. High-dose intracoronary adenosine for myocardial salvage in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2011; 32::867877.
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Liu X, Huang Y, Pokreisz P, Vermeersch P, Marsboom G, Swinnen M, Verbeken E, Santos J, Pellens M, Gillijns H, Van de Werf F, Bloch KD, Janssens S. Nitric oxide inhalation improves microvascular flow and decreases infarction size after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007; 50::808817.
    [Google Scholar]
  89. Thiele H, de Waha S, Zeymer U, Desch S, Scheller B, Lauer B, Geisler T, Gawaz M, Gunkel O, Bruch L, Klein N, Pfeiffer D, Schuler G, Eitel I. Effect of aspiration thrombectomy on microvascular obstruciton in NSTEMI patients. The TATORT-NSTEMI trial. Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64::11171124.
    [Google Scholar]
  90. Eitel I, Wöhrle J, Suenkel H, Meissner J, Kerber S, Lauer B, Pauschinger M, Birkemeyer R, Axthelm C, Zimmermann R, Neuhaus P, Brosteanu O, de Waha S, Desch S, Gutberlet M, Schuler G, Thiele H. Intracoronary compared with intravenous bolus Abciximab application during primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Cardiac magnetic resonance substudy of the AIDA STEMI Trial. Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61::14471454.
    [Google Scholar]
  91. Bresnahan GF, Roberts R, Shell WE, Ross JJr. Deleterious effects due to hemorrhage after myocardial reperfusion. Am J Cardiol. 1974; 33::8286.
    [Google Scholar]
  92. Higginson LA, White F, Heggtveit HA, Sanders TM, Bloor CM, Covell JW. Determinants of myocardial hemorrhage after coronary reperfusion in the anesthesized dog. Circulation. 1982; 65::6269.
    [Google Scholar]
  93. Betgem RP, de Waard G, Nijveldt R, Beek AM, Escaned J, van Royen N. Intramyocardial haemorrhage after acute myocardial infarction. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2014; epub ahead of print.
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Lotan CS, Bouchard A, Cranney GB, Bishop SP, Pohost GM. Assessment of postreperfusion myocardial hemorrhage using proton NMR imaging at 1.5T. Circulation. 1992; 86::10181025.
    [Google Scholar]
  95. Basso C, Corbetti F, Silva C, Abudureheman A, Lacognata C, Cacciavillani L, Tarantini G, Marra MP, Ramondo A, Thiene G, Iliceto S. Morphologic validation of reperfused hemorrhagic infarction by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Am J Cardiol. 2007; 100::13221327.
    [Google Scholar]
  96. Robbers LF, Eerenberg ES, Teunissen PF, Jansen MF, Hollander MR, Horrevoets AJ, Knaapen P, Nijveldt R, Heymans MW, Levi MM, van Rossum AC, Niessen HW, Marcu CB, Beek AM, van Royen N. Magnetic resonance imaging-defined areas of microvascular obstruction after acute myocardial infarction represent microvascular destruction and haemorrhage. Eur Heart J. 2013; 34::23462353.
    [Google Scholar]
  97. Zia MI, Ghugre NR, Connelly KA, Strauss BH, Sparkes JD, Dick AJ, Wright GA. Characterizing myocardial edema and hemorrhage using quantitative T2 and T2* mapping at multiple time intervals post ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012; 5::556572.
    [Google Scholar]
  98. Kandler D, Lücke C, Grothoff M, Andres C, Lehmkuhl L, Nitzsche S, Riese F, Mende M, de Waha S, Desch S, Lurz P, Eitel I, Gutberlet M. The relation between hypointense core, microvascular obstruction and intramyocardial haemorrhage in acute reperfused myocardial infarction assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol. 2014; 24::32773288.
    [Google Scholar]
  99. Ganame J, Messalli G, Dymarkowski S, Rademakers FE, Desmet W, VandeWerf F, Bogaert J. Impact of myocardial haemorrhage on left ventricular function and remodelling in patients with reperfused acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2009; 30::14401449.
    [Google Scholar]
  100. Mather AN, Fairbairn TA, Bali SG, Greenwood JP, Plein S. Reperfusion haemorrhage as determined by cardiovascular MRI is a predictor of adverse left ventricular remodelling and markers of late arrhythmic risk. Heart. 2010; 97::453459.
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Eitel I, Kubusch K, Strohm O, Desch S, Mikami Y, de Waha S, Gutberlet M, Schuler G, Friedrich MG, Thiele H. Prognostic value and determinants of a hypointense infarct core in T2-weighted cardiac magnetic resonance in acute reperfused ST-elevation-myocardial infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011; 4::354362.
    [Google Scholar]
  102. Symons R, Masci PG, Goetschalckx K, Doulaptsis K, Janssens S, Bogaert J. Effect of infarct severity on regional and global left ventricular remodeling in patients with successfully reperfused ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Radiology. 2014; (Epub ahead of print).
    [Google Scholar]
  103. Yan AT, Shayne AJ, Brown KA, Gupta SN, Chan CW, Luu TM, Di Carli MF, Reynolds HG, Stevenson WG, Kwong RY. Characterization of the peri-infarct zone by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful predictor of post-myocardial infarction mortality. Circulation. 2006; 114::3239.
    [Google Scholar]
  104. Robbers LF, Delewi R, Nijveldt R, Hirsch A, Beek AM, Kemme MJ, van Beur den Y, van der Laan AM, van der Vleuten PA, Tio RA, Zijlstra F, Piek JJ, vanRossum AC. Myocardial infarct heterogeneity assessment by late enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging shows predictive value for ventricular arrhythmia development after acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013; 14::11501158.
    [Google Scholar]
  105. Peters DC, Appelbaum EA, Nezafat R, Dokhan B, Han Y, Kissinger KV, Goddu B, Manning WJ. Left ventricular infarct size, peri-infarct zone, and papillary scar measurements: a comparison of high-resolution 3D and conventional 2D late gadolinium enhancement cardiac MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009; 30::794800.
    [Google Scholar]
  106. Kumar A, Abdel-Aty H, Kriedemann I, Schulz-Menger J, Gross CM, Dietz R, Friedrich MG. Contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging of right ventricular infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 48::19691976.
    [Google Scholar]
  107. Masci PG, Francone M, Desmet W, Ganame J, Todiere G, Donato R, Siciliano V, Carbone I, Mangia M, Strata E, Catalano C, Lombardi M, Agati L, Janssens S, Bogaert J. Right ventricular ischemic injury in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Characterization with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circulation. 2010; 122::14051412.
    [Google Scholar]
  108. Bodi V, Sanchis J, Mainar L, Chorro FJ, Nunez J, Monmeneu JV, Chaustre F, Forteza MJ, Ruiz-Sauri A, Lopez-Lereu MP, Gomez C, Noguera I, Diaz A, Giner F, Llacer A. Right ventricular involvement in anterior myocardial infarction: a translational approach. Cardiovasc Res. 2010;87::601608.
    [Google Scholar]
  109. Grothoff M, Elpert C, Hoffmann J, Zachrau J, Lehmkuhl L, de Waha S, Desch S, Eitel I, Mende M, Thiele H, Gutberlet M. Right ventricular injury in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: risk stratification by visualization of wall motion, edema, and delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012; 5::6068.
    [Google Scholar]
  110. Chiu CW, So NMS, Lam WWM, Chan KY, Sanderson JE. Combined first-pass perfusion and viability study at MR imaging in patients with non-ST segment-elevation acute coronary syndromes: feasibility study. Radiology. 2003; 226::717722.
    [Google Scholar]
  111. Kwong RY, Schussheim AE, Rekhraj S, Aletras AH, Geller N, Davis J, Christian TF, Balaban RS, Arai AE. Detecting acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation. 2003; 170::531537.
    [Google Scholar]
  112. Plein S, Greenwood JP, Ridgway JP, Cranny G, Ball SG, Sivanathan MU. Assessment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 44::21732181.
    [Google Scholar]
  113. Cury RC, Shash K, Nagurney JT, Rosito G, Shapiro MD, Nomura CH, Abbara S, Bamberg F, Ferencik M, Schmidt EJ, Brown DF, Hoffmann U, Brady TJ. Cardiac magnetic resonance with T2-weighted imaging improves detection of patients with acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department. Circulation. 2008; 118::837844.
    [Google Scholar]
  114. Bogaert J, Kuzo R, Dymarkowski S, Becker R, Piessens J, Rademakers FE. Coronary artery imaging with real-time navigator three-dimensional turbo-field-echo MR coronary angiography: initial experience. Radiology. 2003; 226::707716.
    [Google Scholar]
  115. Yonezawa M, Nagata M, Kitagawa K, Kato S, Yoon Y, Nakajima H, Nakamori S, Sakuma H, Hatakenaka M, Honda H. Quantitative analysis of 1.5T whole-heart coronary MR angiograms obtained with 32-channel cardiac coils: a comparison with conventional coronary angiography. Radiology. 2014; 271::356364.
    [Google Scholar]
  116. Litt HI, Gatsonis C, Snyder B, Singh H, Miller CD, Entrikin DW, Leaming JM, Gavin LJ, Pacella CB, Hollander JE. CT angiography for safe discharge of patients with possible acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2012; 366::13931403.
    [Google Scholar]
  117. Vrachliotis TG, Bis KG, Haidary A, Kosuri R, Balasubramaniam M, Gallagher M, Raff G, Ross M, O'neil B, O'neill W. Atypical chest pain: coronary, aortic and pulmonary vasculature enhancement at biphasic single-injection 64-section CT angiography. Radiology. 2007; 243::368376.
    [Google Scholar]
  118. Assomull RG, Lyne JC, Keenan N, Gulati A, Bunce NH, Davies SW, Pennell DJ, Prasad SK. The role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients presenting with chest pain, raised troponin, and unobstructed coronary arteries. Eur Heart J. 2007; 28::12421249.
    [Google Scholar]
  119. Abdel-Aty H, Boyé P, Zagrosek A, Wassmuth R, Kumar A, Messroghli D, Bock P, Dietz R, Friedrich MG, Schulz-Menger J. Diagnostic performance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with suspected acute myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005; 45::18151822.
    [Google Scholar]
  120. Friedrich MG, Sechtem U, Schulz-Menger J, Holmvang G, Alakija P, Cooper LT, White JA, Abdel-Aty H, Gutberlet M, Prasad S, Aletras A, Laissy JP, Paterson I, Filipchuk NG, Kumar A, Pauschinger M, Liu P. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: a JACC White Paper. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 53::14751487.
    [Google Scholar]
  121. Kindermann I, Barth C, Mahfoud F, Ukena C, Lenski M, Yilmaz A, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Sechtem U, Cooper LT, Böhm M. Update on myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012; 59::779792.
    [Google Scholar]
  122. Yelgec NC, Dymarkowski S, Ganame S, Bogaert J. Value of MRI in patients with a clinical suspicion of acute myocarditis. Eur Radiol. 2007; 17::22112217.
    [Google Scholar]
  123. Mahrholdt H, Goedecke C, Wagner A, Meinhardt G, Athanasiadis A, Vogelsberg H, Fritz P, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Sechtem U. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of human myocarditis. A comparison to histology and molecular pathology. Circulation. 2004; 109::12501258.
    [Google Scholar]
  124. Grün S, Schumm J, Greulich S, Wagner A, Schneider S, Bruder O, Kispert EM, Hill S, Ong P, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Sechtem U, Mahrholdt H. Long-term follow-up of biopsy-proven viral myocarditis. Predictors of mortality and incomplete recovery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012; 59::16041615.
    [Google Scholar]
  125. Francone M, Chimenti C, Galea N, Scopelliti F, Verardo R, Galea R, Carbone I, Catalano C, Fedele F, Frustaci A. CMR sensitivity varies with clinical presentation and extent of cell necrosis in biopsy-proven acute myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2014; 7::254263.
    [Google Scholar]
  126. Ferreira V, Piechnik SK, Dall'Armellina E, Karamitsos TD, Francis JM, Ntusi N, Holloway C, Choudhury RP, Kardos A, Robson MD, Friedrich MG, Neubauer S. T1 mapping for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis using CMR. Comparison to T2-weighted and late gadolinium enhanced imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2013; 6::10481058.
    [Google Scholar]
  127. Radunski UK, Lund GK, Stehning C, Schnackenburg B, Bohnen S, Adam G, Blankenberg S, Muellerleile K. CMR in patients with severe myocarditis. Diagnostic value of quantitative tissue markers including extracellular volume imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2014; 7::667675.
    [Google Scholar]
  128. Eitel I, Behrendt F, Schindler K, Kivelitz D, Gutberlet M, Schuler G, Thiele H. Differential diagnosis of suspected apical ballooning syndrome using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J. 2008; 29::26512659.
    [Google Scholar]
  129. Eitel I, von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff F, Bernhardt P, Carbone I, Muellerleile K, Aldrovandi A, Francone M, Desch S, Gutberlet M, Strohm O, Schuler G, Schulz-Menger J, Thiele H, Friedrich MG. Clinical characteristics and cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in stress (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy. JAMA. 2011; 306::277286.
    [Google Scholar]
  130. Tanimoto T, Imanishi T, Kitabata H, Nakamura N, Kimura K, Yamano T, Ishibashi K, Komukai K, Ino Y, Takarada S, Kubo T, Hirata K, Mizukoshi M, Tanaka A, Akasaka T, Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Papillary Muscle Infarction Detected by Late Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Circulation. 2010; 122:22:22812287. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.935338 .
    [Google Scholar]
  131. Eitel I, Gehmlich D, Amer O, Wöhrle J, Kerber S, Lauer B, Pauschinger M, Schwab J, Birkemeyer R, Zimmermann R, Mende M, de Waha S, Desch S, Gutberlet M, Schuler G, Thiele H. Prognostic relevance of papillary muscle infarction in reperfused infarction as visualized by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013; 6::890898.
    [Google Scholar]
  132. Mollet NR, Dymarkowski S, Volders W, Wathiong J, Herbots L, Rademakers FE, Bogaert J. Visualization of ventricular thrombi with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with ischemic heart disease. Circulation. 2002; 106::28732876.
    [Google Scholar]
  133. Weinsaft JW, Kim HW, Shah DJ, Klem I, Crowley AL, Brosnan R, James OG, Patel MR, Heitner J, Parker M, Velazquez EJ, Steenbergen C, Judd RM, Kim RJ. Detection of left ventricular thrombus by delayed-enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Prevalence and markers in patients with systolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005; 52::148157.
    [Google Scholar]
  134. Konen E, Merchant N, Gutierrez C, Provost Y, Mickleborough L, Paul NS, Butany J. True versus false left ventricular aneurysm: differentiation with MR imaging – initial experience. Radiology. 2005; 236::6570.
    [Google Scholar]
  135. Taylor AM, Dymarkowski S, Verbeken E, Bogaert J. Detection of pericardial inflammation with late-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: initial results. Eur Radiol. 2006; 16::569574.
    [Google Scholar]
  136. Doulaptsis C, Goetschalckx K, Masci PG, Florian A, Janssens S, Bogaert J. Assessment of early post-infarction pericardial injury by CMR. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;6::411413.
    [Google Scholar]
  137. Bogaert J, Francone M. Pericardial disease: value of CT and MR imaging. Radiology. 2013; 267::340356.
    [Google Scholar]
  138. Hundley WG, Morgan TM, Neagle CM, Hamilton CA, Rerkpattanapipat P, Link KM. Magnetic resonance imaging determination of cardiac prognosis. Circulation. 2002; 106::23282333.
    [Google Scholar]
  139. Bodi V, Sanchis J, Lopez-Lereu MP, Nunez J, Mainar L, Monmeneu JV, Husser O, Dominguez E, Chorro FJ, Llacer A. Prognostic value of dipyridamole stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007; 50::11741179.
    [Google Scholar]
  140. Jahnke C, Nagel E, Gebker R. Prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance stress tests: adenosine stress perfusion and dobutamine stress wall imaging. Circulation. 2007; 115::17691776.
    [Google Scholar]
  141. Ingkanisorn WP, Kwong RY, Bohme NS, Geller NL, Rhoads KL, Dyke CK, Paterson DI, Syed MA, Aletras AH, Arai AE. Prognosis of negative adenosine stress magnetic resonance in patients presenting to an emergency department with chest pain. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 47::14271432.
    [Google Scholar]
  142. Charoenpanichkit C, Morgan TM, Hamilton CA, Wallace EL, Robinson K, Ntim WO, Hundley WG. Left ventricular hypertrophy influences cardiac prognosis in patients undergoing dobutamine cardiac stress testing. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010; 3::392397.
    [Google Scholar]
  143. Steel K, Broderick R, Gandla V, Larose E, Resnic F, Jerosch-Herold M, Brown KA, Kwong RY. Complementary prognostic values of stress myocardial perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement imaging by cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2009; 120::13901400.
    [Google Scholar]
  144. Bingham SE, Hachamovitch R. Incremental prognostic significance of combined cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, adenosine stress perfusion, delayed enhancement and left ventricular function over pre-imaging information for the prediction of adverse events. Circulation. 2011; 123::15091518.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.5339/gcsp.2015.24
Loading
/content/journals/10.5339/gcsp.2015.24
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Review Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error