1887
Volume 1(2020) Number 1
  • EISSN: 2708-0463

Abstract

التراث الثقافي ثروة ثمينة ومصدر للهوية الحقيقة التي تسهم في الحفاظ على البيئة المحلية لكل مجتمع. لقد أنتجت الـتسعة آلاف سنة من الحضارات في سورية أهم مواقع التراث الثقافي الأكثر إثارةً وروعةً في العالم، والمسجَّلة على قائمة اليونسكو للتراث العالمي. وتأثَّر معظم هذه المواقع بالكوارث الطبيعية، خاصة الزلازل، بسبب وقوع سورية في المنطقة الأكثر نشاطًا في الزلازل بين الصفائح التكتونية العربية والأورسيوية والإفريقية. لسوء الحظ، بالإضافة إلى تأثيرات هذه الكوارث الطبيعية، فإن كارثة الحرب المستمرة على سورية منذ آذار 2011 كانت لها نتيجة مدمِّرة على عديد من هذه المواقع التراثية.

تعرض هذه الورقة خطة عملية متكاملة لتخطيط وإدارة خطر الكوارث على مواقع التراث الثقافي السوري، خاصة تلك التي تضرَّرت نتيجة هذه الحرب الظالمة. ضمن هذا السياق، يُفهم التراث الثقافي في نطاقه الأوسع (أبعد من الآثار والمتاحف) ليتضمَّن تطوّر العلاقات الإنسانية مع البيئة الطبيعية التي تشمل الجوانب المادية وغير المادية لهذا التراث (وهذا ما يسمى بالأصالة).

عُرضت حالة دراسية في الإقليم الساحلي السوري تشمل سلسلة من مواقع التراث الثقافي الموجودة في محيط قلعة الحصن التي تضرَّرت بشكل بالغ نتيجة هذه الحرب، وكيف يمكن تأهيلها وإعادة إحيائها بربطها وتكاملها مع الفاعليات الحيوية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والثقافية لمواقع هذه السلسلة المحيطة بالقلعة، مع إمكانية تطبيق هذه الخطة العملية وتطويرها لإعادة بناء وتأهيل جميع مواقع التراث الثقافي الأخرى المتضرَّرة في جميع الأقاليم السورية.

Cultural Heritage (CH) is a valuable asset and a source of true identity that contributes to the preservation of the local environment of each community. The Nine thousand years of civilizations in Syria have produced the most spectacular and fascinating CH sites in the world and are registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Most of these sites have been affected by natural disasters, especially earthquakes due to Syria's occurrence in the region most active in earthquakes among the Arab, Eurasian and African tectonic plates. Unfortunately, in addition to the effects of these natural disasters, the catastrophe of the ongoing war on Syria since March 2011 has had a devastating impact on many of these CH sites. This paper presents an integrated operational plan for disaster risk planning and management on the Syrian CH sites, especially those damaged by this unjust war. Within this context, CH is understood in its wider scope (beyond monuments and museums) to include the development of human relations with the natural environment that encompass the tangible and intangible aspects of this heritage (this is called authenticity). A case study was presented in the Syrian Coastal Region including a series of CH sites located in the vicinity of Al-Hosn Castle (Krak des Chevaliers), which was severely damaged as a result of this War, with the possibility of applying this practical plan and developing it to rebuild and rehabilitate all other affected CH sites in all the Syrian regions.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5339/ajsr.2020.2
2020-02-28
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ajsr/2020/1/ajsr.2020.2.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5339/ajsr.2020.2&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Saleh H. The disaster risk management plan for the Krak des Chevaliers (Alhosn Castle) in Syria - it had an impact both in the East and in the West. Proceedings of UNESCO Chair Programme on cultural heritage and risk management. Kyoto, Japan: Ritsumeikan University;. 2014; 6-22::9499.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. UNESCO. Syrian Arab Republic [Internet]. UNESCO; 2006 [cited 2017 Jun]. Available from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/sy
  3. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR). The national platforms and country profiles for “Disaster Risk Reduction” 1994/2004 [Internet]. UNISDR; 2004. Available from: http://www.unisdr.org/eng/country-inform/introduction.htm
  4. Saleh H. Artificial intelligence and geoinformation technologies for disaster risk reduction and management. UK: Rabban Publishing; 2016. “In Arabic”.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Saleh H, Allaert G. Disaster management and risk reduction: impacts of sea level rise and other hazards related to tsunamis on Syrian Coastal Zone (a case study on the Lattakia City). In: Tang DL, Sui GJ, editors. Typhoon impact and crisis management. Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, Vol. 40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 481–537.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. UNESCO, ICCROM, ICOMOS, IUCN. A resource manual on managing disaster risks for World Heritage [Internet]. UNESCO, ICCROM, ICOMOS, IUCN; 2010 [cited 2015 Dec 15]. Available from: http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/activities/documents/activity-630-1.pdf
  7. Sbeinati R, Darawcheh R, Mouty M. The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D. Annals of Geophysics. 2005; 48::347435.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums (DGAM). [Internet]. 2016 [cited June]. Available from: www.dgam.gov.sy
  9. UNISDR. Hyogo framework for action 2005–2015: building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters [Internet]. UNISDR; 2005 [cited 2015 Nov 19]. Available from: http://www.unisdr.org/files/1037_hyogoframeworkforactionenglish.pdf
  10. Syria National Earthquake Centre (SNEC). [Internet]. SNEC; 2016 [cited 2015 Jun]. Available from: www.nec.gov.sy/
  11. Trifonov VG. Application of space images for neotectonic studies. In: Remote sensing for geological mapping, Vol. 18. Paris: IUGS Publication; 1984. p. 41–56.
  12. Saleh H, Allaert G. Scientific research based optimization and geo-information technologies for integrating environmental planning in disaster management. In: Tang D, editor. Remote sensing of the changing oceans. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 359–390.
  13. Saleh H, Allaert G, De Sutter R. Towards efficient use of water resources management: a case study of the Syrian coastal region. International Journal of Water. 2016; 10:1:2854.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Schmidt-Thomé, P., (ed.), Sea Level Changes Affecting the Spatial Development of the Baltic Sea Region: Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 41, Espoo, pp1–154.2006
  15. Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). The physical feature of Syria [Internet]. Damascus: CBS; 2010 [cited 2015 Jun]. Available from: http://cbssyr.sy/index-EN.htm
  16. Allaert G. Wheel of CULTURED. In the final report on cultural heritage and regional development [Internet]. Centre for Mobility and Physical Planning, Belgium: Ghent University Press; 2007
  17. Saleh H. Artificial intelligence for global positioning system networks: theory & applications. Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing; 2014.
  18. Saleh H. Disaster management and the linkages between the environmental, regional and spatial planning in Syria. Ghent, Belgium: Ghent University Press; 2017.
  19. National Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy in Syria. [Internet]. Damascus, Syria: HCSR; 2013 [cited 2015 Jul]. Available from: http://www.hcsr.gov.sy/
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.5339/ajsr.2020.2
Loading
/content/journals/10.5339/ajsr.2020.2
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error