1887
Volume 2025, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 0253-8253
  • EISSN: 2227-0426

Abstract

When Qatar imposed a nationwide lockdown in accordance with WHO guidelines during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, dental healthcare services were disrupted, limiting services to emergencies and postponing elective procedures due to transmission risks. Teledentistry was introduced to remotely manage dental conditions and reduce hospital admissions. The present study examines patient perceptions of audio-dentistry, a form of teledentistry, in managing dental emergencies during the pandemic and explores factors influencing overall patient satisfaction.

A retrospective, cross-sectional telephone questionnaire included 352 participants who used a dental emergency hotline service during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown (March 29–August 31, 2020) in Qatar. A validated, closed-ended questionnaire was administered to explore participants’ views on audio-dentistry. The questionnaire explored the influence of variables related to dental problems depending on the specialty required, the years of experience of the responding dentist, and teletriage management decisions on overall satisfaction with audio-dentistry.

The response rate was 80.18%. Most participants expressed positive views of audio-dentistry in five domains (usefulness, interaction quality, ease of use and reliability, quality of care, satisfaction, and future use). However, approximately one-third of participants disagreed or strongly disagreed that their dental problem had improved following the call (35.3%) and viewed the lack of physical contact as a disadvantage (31.2%). Overall satisfaction was only influenced by telephone triage outcomes, with patients transferred for chairside management more likely to be satisfied (89.8%) than those managed remotely through self-care instructions and medications (80.4%) or instructions only (75.4%) ( = 0.011).

Audio-dentistry effectively sustained oral health services during the COVID-19 pandemic while minimizing face-to-face visits, with patients largely expressing high satisfaction in areas such as usefulness, interaction quality, ease of use, reliability, and overall care. Satisfaction was primarily influenced by call outcomes and referrals or prescription decisions rather than caller demographics or dentist experience. However, some dissatisfaction arose when immediate improvement was not achieved, particularly in conditions such as pulpitis that are challenging to manage remotely.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2025.13
2025-02-27
2025-03-26
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/qmj/2025/1/qmj.2025.13.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2025.13&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. South Wiltshire Out of Hours Project (SWOOP) Group. Nurse telephone triage in out of hours primary care: A pilot study. BMJ. 1997 Jan 18; 314(7075):198–199. doi: 10.1136/bmj.314.7075.198.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Allemann Iseli M, Kunz R, Blozik E. Instruments to assess patient satisfaction after teleconsultation and triage: A systematic review. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2014 Jun 24;8:893–907. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S56160.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Kumar U, Gupta A, Goyal A, Gauba K. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on characteristics of dental emergencies and treatment services at a tertiary care centre. Saudi Dent J. 2021 Dec; 33:(8):1018–1023. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.06.004.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and future challenges for dental and oral medicine. J Dent Res. 2020 May; 99:(5):481–487. doi: 10.1177/0022034520914246.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Goriuc A, Sandu D, Tatarciuc M, Luchian I. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dentistry and dental education: A narrative review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Feb 22; 19:(5):2537. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19052537.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Estai M, Kanagasingam Y, Tennant M, Bunt S. A systematic review of the research evidence for the benefits of teledentistry. J Telemed Telecare. 2018 Apr; 24:(3):147–156. doi: 10.1177/1357633X16689433.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Barsom EZ, Feenstra TM, Bemelman WA, Bonjer JH, Schijven MP. Coping with COVID-19: Scaling up virtual care to standard practice. Nat Med. 2020 May; 26:(5):632–634. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0845-0.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Ali SA, Al-Qahtani AMA, Al Banai SR, Albaker FJ, Almarri AE, Al-Haithami K, et al. Role of newly introduced teledentistry service in the management of dental emergencies during COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar: A cross-sectional analysis. Telemed J E Health. 2022 Mar 24; 28:(11):1623–1632. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2021.0584.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. AlShaya MS, Assery MK, Pani SC. Reliability of mobile phone teledentistry in dental diagnosis and treatment planning in mixed dentition. J Telemed Telecare. 2020 Jan–Feb; 26:(1–2):45–52. doi: 10.1177/1357633X18793767.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Ali SA, El Ansar. W. Is tele-diagnosis of dental conditions reliable during COVID-19 pandemic? Agreement between tentative diagnosis via synchronous audioconferencing and definitive clinical diagnosis. J Dent. 2022 Jul;122:104144. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104144.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Natafgi N, Ladeji O, Blackwell S, Hong YD, Graham G, Cort M, et al. Similar values, different expectations: How do patients and providers view ‘health’ and perceive the healthcare experience? Health Expect. 2022 Aug; 25:(4):1517–1528. doi: 10.1111/hex.13493.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Bakken S, Grullon-Figueroa L, Izquierdo R, Lee NJ, Morin P, Palmas W, et al. Development, validation, and use of English and Spanish versions of the telemedicine satisfaction and usefulness questionnaire. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2006 Nov–Dec; 13:(6):660–667. doi: 10.1197/jamia.M2146.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Menhadji P, Patel R, Asimakopoulou K, Quinn B, Khoshkhounejad G, Pasha P, et al. Patients’ and dentists’ perceptions of tele-dentistry at the time of COVID-19: A questionnaire-based study. J Dent. 2021 Oct;113:103782. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103782.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Prakash B. Patient satisfaction. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2010 Sep; 3:(3):151–155. doi: 10.4103/0974-2077.74491.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Daniel SJ, Wu L, Kumar S. Teledentistry: A systematic review of clinical outcomes, utilization and costs. J Dent Hyg. 2013 Dec; 87:(6):345–352. Available from: https://jdh.adha.org/content/87/6/345 .
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Estai M, Kruger E, Tennant M. Perceptions of Australian dental practitioners about using telemedicine in dental practice. Br Dent J. 2016 Jan 15; 220:(1):25–29. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2016.25.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Mandall NA, Qureshi U, Harvey L. Teledentistry for screening new patient orthodontic referrals. Part 2: GDP perception of the referral system. Br Dent J. 2005 Dec 10; 199:(11):727–729. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4812969.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Palmer NG, Yacyshyn JR, Northcott HC, Nebbe B, Major PW. Perceptions and attitudes of Canadian orthodontists regarding digital and electronic technology. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005 Aug; 128:(2):163–167. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.02.015.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Flores-Mir C, Palmer NG, Northcott HC, Khurshed F, Major PW. Perceptions and attitudes of Canadian dentists toward digital and electronic technologies. J Can Dent Assoc. 2006 Apr; 72:(3):243. Available from: https://www.cda-adc.ca/jcda/vol-72/issue-3/243.pdf .
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Omezli MM, Torul D, Yilmaz EB. Is teledentistry a feasible alternative for people who need special care? Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2022 Apr 11;17. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2022.38.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Rahman N, Nathwani S, Kandiah T. Teledentistry from a patient perspective during the coronavirus pandemic. Br Dent J. 2020 Aug14:1–4. doi: 10.1038/s41415-020-1919-6.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Heimes D, Luhrenberg P, Langguth N, Kaya S, Obst C, Kämmerer PW. Can teledentistry replace conventional clinical follow-up care for minor dental surgery? A prospective randomized clinical trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 15; 19:(6):3444. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063444.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Amtha R, Gunardi I, Astoeti TE, Roeslan MO. Satisfaction level of the oral medicine patients using teledentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic: A factor analysis. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2021 Jul 30; 11:(4):414–420. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_72_21.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Torul D, Kahveci K, Kahveci C. Is tele-dentistry an effective approach for patient follow-up in maxillofacial surgery. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2021 May 31; 22:(3):1–7. doi: 10.1007/s12663-021-01596-z.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Aboalshamat KT, Althagafi TK, Alsaeedi SA, Alhumaidi SN, Alemam AA. Accuracy and perceptions of teledentistry in KSA during the COVID-19 pandemic: A single-centre randomised controlled trial. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2022 Jun; 17:(3):506–515. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.11.015.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Abass G, Asery A, Al Badr A, AlMaghlouth A, AlOtaiby S, Heena H. Patient satisfaction with the emergency department services at an academic teaching hospital. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021 Apr; 10:(4):1718–1725. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_8_20.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Al-Khalifa KS, AlSheikh R. Teledentistry awareness among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia. PLoS One. 2020 Oct 15; 15:(10). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240825.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Radic J, Patcas R, Stadlinger B, Wiedemeier D, Rücker M, Giacomelli-Hiestand B. Do we need CBCTs for sufficient diagnostics?-dentist-related factors. Int J Implant Dent. 2018 Nov 16; 4:(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s40729-018-0147-1.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Hellén-Halme K, Petersson GH. Influence of education level and experience on detection of approximal caries in digital dental radiographs: An in vitro study. Swed Dent J. 2010; 34:(2):63–69. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20701214/.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Li CJ, Syue YJ, Tsai TC, Wu KH, Lee CH, Lin YR. The impact of emergency physician seniority on clinical efficiency, emergency department resource use, patient outcomes, and disposition accuracy. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016; 95:(6). doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002706.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Casalino E, Choquet C, Bernard J, Debit A, Doumenc B, Berthoumieu A, et al. Predictive variables of an emergency department quality and performance indicator: A 1-year prospective, observational, cohort study evaluating hospital and emergency census variables and emergency department time interval measurements. Emerg Med J. 2013 Aug; 30:(8):638–645. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2012-201404.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Parmanto B, Lewis AN Jr, Graham KM, Bertolet MH. Development of the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ). Int J Telerehabil. 2016 Jul; 8:(1):3–10. doi: 10.5195/ijt.2016.6196.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidance for dental settings: Interim infection prevention and control guidance for dental settings during the COVID-19 response. 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/dental-settings.html.
  34. World Health Organization. Consideration for the provision of essential oral health services in the context of COVID-19: Interim guidance. 2020. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-2019-nCoV-oral-health-2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Yip MP, Chang AM, Chan J, MacKenzie AE. Development of the Telemedicine Satisfaction Questionnaire to evaluate patient satisfaction with telemedicine: A preliminary study. J Telemed Telecare. 2003; 9:(1):46–50. doi: 10.1258/135763303321159693.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Ekeland AG, Bowes A, Flottorp S. Effectiveness of telemedicine: A systematic review of reviews. Int J Med Inform. 2010 Nov; 79:(11):736–771. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2010.08.006.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. ISO. Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 1: General introduction. Int Org Stand. 1992. https://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Tsang S, Royse CF, Terkawi AS. Guidelines for developing, translating, and validating a questionnaire in perioperative and pain medicine. Saudi J Anaesth. 2017 May;11(Suppl 1):S80–S89. doi: 10.4103/sja.SJA_203_17.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Singh R, Agarwal TM, Al-Thani H, Al Maslamani Y, El-Menyar A. Validation of a survey questionnaire on organ donation: An Arabic world scenario. J Transplant. 2018 Feb 8;2018:9309486. doi: 10.1155/2018/9309486..
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Mitchell RC, Carson RT. Using surveys to value public goods: The contingent valuation method. Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future; 1989. xix, 463 p. Distributed worldwide by the Johns Hopkins University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Weintraub JA, Quinonez RB, Smith AJT, Ciarrocca K, Fouad AF, Shazib MA, et al. Responding to a pandemic: Development of the Carolina Dentistry Virtual Oral Health Care Helpline. J Am Dent Assoc. 2020 Nov; 151:(11):825–834. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.08.003.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Ali SA, El Ansari W. Patient-reported orofacial-dental pain severity and tele-triage decisions during COVID-19 pandemic: Does the severity of pain drive tele-triage decisions? BMC Oral Health. 2022;27; 22:(1):310. doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02340-w.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Fang J, Liu L, Fang P. What is the most important factor affecting patient satisfaction – a study based on gamma coefficient. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2019 Apr 10;13:515–525. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S197015.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Jensen J, Hansen CF, Brodersen J, Comins JD, Krogsgaard MR. Are PROMs used adequately in sports research? An analysis of 54 randomized controlled trials with PROMs as endpoint. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2021 May; 31:(5):982-90. doi: 10.1111/sms.13880.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Fincham JE. Response rates and responsiveness for surveys, standards, and the Journal. Am J Pharm Educ. 2008 Apr 15; 72:(2):43. doi: 10.5688/aj720243.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2025.13
Loading
/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2025.13
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Audio-dentistryCOVID-19dental emergenciespatient satisfactionteledentistry and teletriage
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error