1887
8 - The 3rd Mustansiriyah International Dental Conference
  • ISSN: 1999-7086
  • EISSN: 1999-7094

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory noncommunicable disease that affects all tooth-supporting apparatus. The traditional method of treatment is non-surgical periodontal therapy. If this mechanical debridement is ineffective, an adjunctive therapy may be useful. Black tea with salt and chlorhexidine has been evaluated in the current research as an adjunctive treatment modality.

To investigate the antibacterial properties of black tea with salt rinse on periodontal disease and compare its efficacy to chlorhexidine rinse.

Non-randomized control study consisting of sixty participants with age range from 25 to 55 years was divided into three groups: control (no treatment), chlorhexidine mouthwash, and black tea with salt mouthwash. Prior to initiating adjunctive therapy, scaling was performed for all groups.

Statistically significant differences have been found between the effects of mouthwash of black tea with salt versus (0.12) chlorhexidine mouthwash. The findings demonstrated that the group utilizing black tea with salt rinses showed more significant reduction in both plaque and gingival indices in comparison to the chlorhexidine rinse group. Moreover, comparisons between all groups showed highly significant differences in periodontal indices between visits.

Using black tea with salt mouthwash could be effective and useful adjunctive therapy for periodontal diseases. In the future, it is necessary to conduct further studies with a larger sample size in order to make more precise assessment of the impact of black tea with salt mouthwash.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2024.midc.8
2024-12-24
2025-05-20
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jemtac/2024/8/jemtac.2024.midc.8.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2024.midc.8&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Herrera D, Sanz M, Shapira L, Brotons C, Chapple I, Frese T, et al. Periodontal Diseases and Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes, and Respiratory Diseases: Summary of the Consensus Report by the European Federation of Periodontology and WONCA Europe. Eur J Gen Pract. 2024Dec; 30:(1):2320120. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2024.2320120
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Al-Daragi FZ, Al-Ghurabi BH, Abdullah NN. Serum Levels of Antimicrobial Peptides (Cathelicidins and Beta Defensins-1) in Patients with Periodontitis. J Bagh Coll Dent. 2024Mar15; 36:(1):9–18. https://doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v36i1.3586
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Liu X, Li H. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Multiple Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis. Front Immunol. 2022Jan3; 12:713198. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.713198
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Curtis MA, Diaz PI, Van Dyke TE. The Role of the Microbiota in Periodontal Disease. Periodontol 2000. 2020; 83:14–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12296
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Yan Y, Zhan Y, Wang X, Hou J. Clinical Evaluation of Ultrasonic Subgingival Debridement Versus Ultrasonic Subgingival Scaling Combined with Manual Root Planing in the Treatment of Periodontitis: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Trials. 2020Jan28; 21:(1):113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-4031-y
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Celiksoy V, Moses RL, Sloan AJ, Moseley R, Heard CM. Pomegranate Rind Extract with ZN (II) Combination as a New Therapeutic Agent for Oral Care Products. J Res Pharm. 2023Jan27; 2:(Special Issue):12–3. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.389
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Sanz M, Herrera D, Kebschull M, Chapple I, Jepsen S, Beglundh T, et al. Treatment of Stage I-III Periodontitis-The EFP S3 Level Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Periodontol. 2020Jul; 47:(Suppl. 22):4–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13290
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Loesche WJ, Grossman NS. Periodontal Disease as a Specific, Albeit Chronic, Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001Oct; 14:(4):727–52. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.14.4.727-752.2001
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Garcia Canas P, Khouly I, Sanz J, Loomer PM. Effectiveness of Systemic Antimicrobial Therapy in Combination with scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2015Mar; 146:(3):150–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2014.12.015
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Ferrazzano GF, Amato I, Ingenito A, Zarrelli A, Pinto G, Pollio A. Plant Polyphenols and Their Anti-Cariogenic Properties: A Review. Molecules. 2011Feb11; 16:(2):1486–507. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16021486
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Tafazoli A, Tafazoli Moghadam E. Camellia Sinensis Mouthwashes in Oral Care: A Systematic Review. J Dent (Shiraz). 2020Dec; 21:(4):249–62. https://doi.org/10.30476/DENTJODS.2020.83204.1045
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Soukoulis S, Hirsch R. The Effects of a Tea Tree Oil-Containing Gel on Plaque and Chronic Gingivitis. Aust Dent J. 2004Jun; 49:(2):78–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2004.tb00054.x
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Khan N, Mukhtar H. Tea Polyphenols for Health Promotion. Life Sci. 2007Jul26; 81:(7):519–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2007.06.011
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Ribeiro LG, Hashizume LN, Maltz M. The Effect of Different Formulations of Chlorhexidine in Reducing Levels of Mutans Streptococci in the Oral Cavity: A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Dent. 2007May; 35:(5):359–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2007.01.007
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Armidin RP, Yanti GN. Effectiveness of Rinsing Black Tea Compared to Green Tea in Decreasing Streptococcus mutans. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019Nov14; 7:(22):3799–802. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.507
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Condò SG, DeVizio W, Volpe AR. Gingiva, Teeth and Sea Salt. Am J Dent. 1999Feb; 12:(1):5–8.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. van der Ouderaa FJ. Anti-Plaque Agents. Rationale and Prospects for Prevention of Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1991Jul; 18:(6):447–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1991.tb02315.x
    [Google Scholar]
  18. American Dental Association. Accepted Dental Therapeutics. Chicago, ILADA 1984:326.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Butt MS, Imran A, Sharif MK, Ahmad RS, Xiao H, Imran M, et al. Black Tea Polyphenols: A Mechanistic Treatise. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014; 54:(8):1002–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2011.623198
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Silness J, Löe H. Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy II. Correlation Between Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Condition. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964Feb; 22:121–35. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016356408993968
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Löe H. The Gingival Index, the Plaque Index and the Retention Index Systems. J Periodontol. 1967Nov–Dec; 38:(Suppl. 6):610–6. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1967.38.6.610
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and Grading of Periodontitis: Framework and Proposal of a New Classification and Case Definition. J Periodontol. 2018Jun; 89:(Suppl. 1):S159–S72. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.18-0006
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Ben Lagha A, Grenier D. Black Tea Theaflavins Attenuate Porphyromonas gingivalis Virulence Properties, Modulate Gingival Keratinocyte Tight Junction Integrity and Exert Anti-Inflammatory Activity. J Periodontal Res. 2017Jun; 52:(3):458–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12411
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Silva LN, Zimmer KR, Macedo AJ, Trentin DS. Plant Natural Products Targeting Bacterial Virulence Factors. Chem Rev. 2016Aug24; 116:(16):9162–236. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00184
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Rasheed Z. Molecular Evidences of Health Benefits of Drinking Black Tea. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2019May–Jun; 13:(3):1–3.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Wu CD, Wei GX. Tea as a Functional Food for Oral Health. Nutrition. 2002May; 18:(5):443–4. doi: 10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00763-3
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Van der Weijden GA, Timmerman MF. A Systematic Review on the Clinical Efficacy of Subgingival Debridement in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2002; 29:(Suppl. 3):55–71; discussion 90-1. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.29.s3.3.x
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Demeule M, Brossard M, Pagé M, Gingras D, Béliveau R. Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition by Green Tea Catechins. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000Mar16; 1478:(1):51–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4838(00)00009-1
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Okamoto M, Sugimoto A, Leung KP, Nakayama K, Kamaguchi A, Maeda N. Inhibitory Effect of Green Tea Catechins on Cysteine Proteinases in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2004Apr; 19:(2):118–20. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0902-0055.2003.00112.x
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Ben Lagha A, Haas B, Grenier D. Tea Polyphenols Inhibit the Growth and Virulence Properties of Fusobacterium nucleatum. Sci Rep. 2017Mar21; 7:44815. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44815
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2024.midc.8
Loading
/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2024.midc.8
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error