RT Journal Article SR Electronic(1) A1 Abed Mansoor, Ahmed F. A1 Abu Raghif, Ahmed R.YR 2022 T1 Attenuated effects of rivastigmine in induced cytokine storm in mice JF Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute Care, VO 2022 IS 3 - The International and Scientific Conference of Alnahrain College of Medicine and Colleges of Medicine in Iraq confronting COVID-19 Pandemic (ISMC-2022) OP SP 12 DO https://doi.org/10.5339/jemtac.2022.ismc.12 PB Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), SN 1999-7094, AB Background: A cytokine storm is a serious clinical condition that complicates infectious diseases, for example, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and non-infectious diseases such as autoimmune diseases and cancer and may often lead to death. The patients who are affected by the cytokine storm are almost always severe/critical and at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome or eventually death. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) have been repeatedly shown to be related to the COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the attenuated effect of rivastigmine (RA) in a cytokine storm in Swiss Albino mice in which the cytokine storm was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to explore their effects on IL-1 β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. Methods: This study was carried with 60 male Swiss albino mice that were divided equally and randomly into six groups as follows: • Group AH: Apparently healthy control group which received no induction, not treated. • Group LPS: Induced using LPS at 5 mg/kg and no treatment administered. • Group DMSO: Induced and treated with 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). • Group RA: Induced and treated with 0.5 mg/kg RA. • Group MPA: Induced and treated with 50 mg/kg methylprednisolone (MPA). • Group RMPA: Induced and treated with 0.25 mg/kg rivastigmine and 25 mg/kg of methylprednisolone. All the mice were treated with drugs or vehicles for three consecutive days before LPS induction. The mice were then injected with LPS intraperitoneally at a dosage of 5 mg/kg for systematic inflammatory stimulation. After 48 hours of LPS induction, all the mice were euthanized by light anesthesia with chloroform, and blood was collected for the quantitative determination of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: Administration of LPS to Swiss albino mice caused a significant elevation of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels than in the healthy control group. Significant reduction of these parameters were observed in the RA and MPA groups when compared with those in the non-treated group. Conclusion: RA was found to be effective in attenuating the induced cytokine storm by suppressing IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, and the results with RA were comparable to that of MPA. A combination of half-doses of both RA and MPA administered together shows no obvious advantage when compared with that of each of them alone., UL https://www.qscience.com/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2022.ismc.12