1887
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute Care
  4. Volume 2022, Issue 6
  5. Article
6 The Anbar 2nd International Medical Conference (AIMCO 2022)
  • ISSN: 1999-7086
  • EISSN: 1999-7094

Abstract

Serum cystatin C (CstC) is a type of protein produced by cells at the normal level; when the kidney is in normal condition or function, it inhibits the interstitial cysteine protease. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the levels of CstC and inflammation markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with early diagnosed microalbuminuria (MBA) and find if there is a relationship between CstC and different parameters. Fifty T2DM patients with a mean age of 44.41 ± 6.51 years in the Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital were recruited according to the presence of MBA, and they were compared with 40 nondiabetic individuals with a mean age of 42.22 ± 5.33 years as control. Serum CstC, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean values of serum CstC, IL-6, and TNF-α in the diabetic patients with MBA were all significantly increased compared to those of the nondiabetic individuals ( < 0.001). In T2DM patients with MBA, there were positive correlations between serum CstC levels and serum creatinine, creatinine urea, and cystatin-c/creatinine ratio. Similarly, there was a strong positive correlation between serum CstC and serum of the inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α. However, there was a negative association between CstC and the estimated glomerular filtration rate-Larson equation. The results of the current study suggest that serum CstC, IL-6, and TNF-α may potentially serve as biomarkers for the early detection of MAB in patients with T2DM.

© 2022 ALkhader, Elias, Lateef, Alkubaisi, AlAbdaly, licensee HBKU Press.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2022.aimco.16
2022-12-22
2024-04-25
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jemtac/2022/6/jemtac.2022.aimco.16.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2022.aimco.16&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Kogot-Levin A, et al. Proximal tubule mTORC1 is a central player in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy and its correction by SGLT2 inhibitors. Cell Rep. 2020; 32:(4):107954. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107954.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Hojs NV, Bevc S, Ekart R, Hojs R. Oxidative stress markers in chronic kidney disease with emphasis on diabetic nephropathy. Antioxidants. 2020; 9:(10):1–22. doi: 10.3390/antiox9100925.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Macisaac RJ, Ekinci EI, Jerums G. Markers of and risk factors for the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014; 63:(2 Suppl.2):S39–S62. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.10.048.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Lytvyn Y, Bjornstad P, van Raalte DH, Heerspink HL, Cherney DZI. The new biology of diabetic kidney disease—mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Endocr Rev. 2020; 41:(2):202−31.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Ahmad A, Manjrekar P, Yadav C, Agarwal A, Srikantiah RM, Hegde A. Evaluation of ischemia-modified albumin, malondialdehyde, and advanced oxidative protein products as markers of vascular injury in diabetic nephropathy. Biomark Insights. 2016; 11::63–8. doi: 10.4137/BMI.S39053.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Kocak MZ, et al. Monocyte lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of diabetic kidney injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus; The MADKID study. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2020; 19:(2):997–1002. doi: 10.1007/s40200-020-00595-0.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Zhu W, Dong X, Pan Q, Hu Y, Wang G. The association between albuminuria and thyroid antibodies in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and euthyroidism. BMC Endocr Disord. 2020; 20:(1):1–5. doi: 10.1186/s12902-020-00650-0.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Psimadas D, Georgoulias P, Valotassiou V, Loudos G. Molecular nanomedicine towards cancer. J Pharm Sci. 2012; 101:(7):2271–80. doi: 10.1002/jps.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Pradhan AD, Manson JE, Rifai N, Buring JE, Ridker PM. Creactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Med Assoc. 2001; 286:(3):327–34. doi: 10.1001/jama.286.3.327.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Tilg H, Moschen AR. Inflammatory mechanisms in the regulation of insulin resistance. Mol Med. 2008; 14:(3–4):222–31. doi: 10.2119/2007-00119.Tilg.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Tang S, et al. Rather than Rs1800796 polymorphism, expression of interleukin-6 is associated with disease progression of chronic HBV infection in a Chinese Han population. Dis Markers. 2013; 35:(6):799–805. doi: 10.1155/2013/508023.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Chen Y-L, et al. Serum TNF-α concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and diabetic nephropathy patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Immunol Lett. 2017; 186::52–8. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.04.003.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. El-Edel RH, Fathy WM, Abou-Elela DH, Emara MM, Abo El-Khair NT. Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Menoufia Med J. 2020; 33:(3):920–5. doi: 10.4103/mmj.mmj.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Ge D, Liu J. The value of serum cystatin C in the diagnosis of renal diseases. Adv Clin Med. 2020; 10:(8):1689–93. doi: 10.12677/acm.2020.108253.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Mohd Tahir NA, et al. Agreement between creatinine and cystatin C-based equations in the estimation of glomerular filtration rate among Malaysian patients with renal impairment. Indian J Pharm Educ Res. 2018; 52:(4s):S257–67. doi: 10.5530/ijper.52.4s.106.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Lamia B, Chemla D, Richard C, Teboul JL. Clinical review: Interpretation of arterial pressure wave in shock states. Crit Care. 2005; 9:(6):601–6. doi: 10.1186/cc3891.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Larsson A, Malm J, Grubb A, Hansson LO. Calculation of glomerular filtration rate expressed in mL/min from plasma cystatin C values in mg/L. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2004; 64:(1):25–30. doi: 10.1080/00365510410003723.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Hana MA, et al. Urinary interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha as early markers for diabetic nephropathy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Sri Lanka J Child Heal. 2020; 49:(3):269–75. doi: 10.4038/sljch.v49i3.9146.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Al-saedy AAK, Turki KM, Nada Z. Effect of serum cystatin C in early diabetic nephropathy in type 2 Iraqi diabetic patients. J Contemp Med Sci. 2017; 3:(10):208–12. doi: 10.22317/jcms.06201702.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Guo JJ, Ren W, Li X, Xi GX, Liu J. Correlation between hyperhomocysteine and serum cystatin C in diabetic nephropathy. Biomed Res. 2017; 28:(11):5153–7.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Sit D, Basturk T, Yildirim S, Karagoz F, Bozkurt N, Gunes A. Evaluation of the serum cystatin C values in prediction of indications for hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure. Int Urol Nephrol. 2014; 46:(1):57–62. doi: 10.1007/s11255-013-0481-4.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Gompou A, et al. Relationship of changes in cystatin-C with serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate in kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2015; 47:(6):1662–74. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.04.084.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Wang T, Wang Q, Wang Z, Xiao Z, Liu L. Diagnostic value of the combined measurement of serum hcy, serum cys C, and urinary microalbumin in type 2 diabetes mellitus with early complicating diabetic nephropathy. ISRN Endocrinol. 2013; 2013::407452. doi: 10.1155/2013/407452.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Suzuki Y, et al. Serum cystatin C as a marker for early detection of chronic kidney disease and grade 2 nephropathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2012; 50:(10):1833–9. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2011-0777.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Stenvinkel P, et al. IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α: Central factors in the altered cytokine network of uremia - The good, the bad, and the ugly. Kidney Int. 2005; 67:(4):1216–33. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00200.x.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Roos JF, Doust J, Tett SE, Kirkpatrick CMJ. Diagnostic accuracy of cystatin C compared to serum creatinine for the estimation of renal dysfunction in adults and children-A meta-analysis. Clin Biochem. 2007; 40:(5–6):383–91. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.10.026.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Dharnidharka VR, Kwon C, Stevens G. Serum cystatin C is superior to serum creatinine as a marker of kidney function: A meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002; 40:(2):221–6. doi: 10.1053/ajkd.2002.34487.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. El-Mesallamy HO, Salah RS, Gad MZ. Study of some inflammatory factors in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. J Med Sci. 2008; 8:(6):532–9. doi: 10.3923/jms.2008.532.539.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Navarro JF, Mora C, Gómez M, Muros M, López-Aguilar C, García J. Influence of renal involvement on peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression behaviour of tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in type 2 diabetic patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008; 23:(3):919–26. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfm674.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Cao L, et al. Inflammation and kidney injury in diabetic African American men. J Diabetes Res. 2019; 2019::5359635. doi: 10.1155/2019/5359635.
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2022.aimco.16
Loading
Estimation of cystatin C and inflammation marker levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with microalbuminuria
Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute Care 2022, 16 (2022); https://doi.org/10.5339/jemtac.2022.aimco.16
/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2022.aimco.16
/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2022.aimco.16
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Keyword(s): chronic kidney disease, cystatin C, inflammation markers, microalbuminuria and type 2 diabetes

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error